117  ‘ 


Tourist 

Guide 


Missions  and 
I English  Services 


Latin 
America 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 
Columbia  University  Libraries 


https://archive.org/details/touristguidetomiOOfore 


THE  CHRIST  OF  THE  ANDES 
(See  Page  23) 


Tourist  Guide 

to 

Missionary  Institutions 

and 

Religious  Services  in  English 


In  the  Chief  Cities 
of 


Latin  America 


Presented  by  the  Interdenominational  Committee  on  the 
Religious  Needs  of  Anglo-American  Communities  Abroad 

1915 


A FORMER  PRESIDENT  OF  ARGENTINE:  ‘‘The  proud 
conquerors  in  iron  mail  who  trod  this  part  of  America  were 
very  different  from  the  Puritans  who  disembarked  at  Plymouth 
with  no  arms  but  the  Gospel,  no  ambition  but  of  founding  a 
new  community  under  the  law  of  love  and  equality.  Hence  the 
Latin  Republics  stand  in  need  of  energy  and  perseverance  to 
assimilate  virtues  which  they  did  not  inherit.'' 

HON.  THEODORE  ROOSEVELT:  “I  was  immensely  im- 
pressed with  the  improvement  in  the  character  of  the  natives 
who  had  been  under  missionary  control.  I wish  it  were  in 
my  power  to  convey  my  experience  to  those  people — often 
well-meaning  people — who  speak  about  the  inefficacy  of  for- 
eign missions.  No  more  practical  work,  no  work  more  pro- 
ductive of  fruit  for  civilization  could  exist." 

HON.  WILLIAM  HOWARD  TAFT:  “No  man  can  study  the 
movement  of  modern  civilization  from  an  impartial  standpoint 
and  not  realize  that  Christianity  and  the  spread  of  Christian- 
ity are  the  only  bases  for  hope  of  modern  civilization  in  the 
growth  of  popular  self-government.  In  the  progress  of  civil- 
ization you  cannot  overestimate  the  immense  importance  of 
Christian  missions." 

LORD  BRYCE:  “Now,  when  old  things  are  passing  away,  is 
the  time  for  us  to  make  the  one  supreme  gift  in  which  we 
believe  the  safety  and  future  hope  of  the  world  lie, — a knowl- 
edge of  the  life  and  teaching  of  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ.  Let 
Christianity  go  as  a beneficent  power,  with  new  thoughts  and 
new  hopes,  to  be  a link  between  all  the  races  of  mankind." 


INTRODUCTORY 

This  hand-book  is  prepared  and  presented  by  the  Commit- 
tee on  Anglo-American  Communities  Abroad,  appointed  by  the 
Conference  of  all  the  Foreign  Mission  Boards  of  North  America. 
The  Committee’s  task  is  to  aid  such  communities  to  maintain 
union  religious  services  and  to  facilitate  the  visiting  of  mis- 
sionary institutions  by  tourists.  In  many  Latin-American  and 
Oriental  cities,  there  are  large  colonies  of  Americans  and  Euro- 
peans whose  best  element  desires  the  services  of  the  Christian 
Church  in  order  to  maintain  a high  religious  and  moral  tone 
with  the  best  traditions  of  the  home  land;  tourists  will  be  glad 
to  know  of  and  support  these  services  where  visitors  are  always 
cordially  welcome.  Many  travelers  wish  to  see  something  of 
the  work  of  foreign  missions  and  this  booklet  will  direct  them 
to  the  principal  missionary  operations  in  the  commonly  visited 
cities  of  Latin- America.  The  introductory  pages  are  extracts 
from  Dr.  Arthur  J.  Brown’s  ‘‘The  Foreign  Missionary”  (Revell 
& Co.)  and  Dr.  W.  E.  Browning’s  pamphlet  “Latin- America”. 
The  Committee  hopes  to  receive  criticisms  of  this  directory  in 
order  to  improve  future  issues,  and  it  will  be  glad  to  have 
suggestions  as  to  the  work  of  the  Union  Churches  or  the 
Missions. 

Tourists  may  obtain  this  directory  free  from  the  Commit- 
tee or  at  the  following  places:  Mexico  City,  Havana  and  San 
Juan,  Y.  M.  C.  A.;  Canal  Zone,  Union  Church  and  Club  Houses; 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  Union  Church  and  American  Bible  Society; 
Buenos  Aires,  Methodist  Church  and  Y.  M.  C.  A.;  Valparaiso, 
Union  Church  and  Y.  M.  C.  A.;  Lima,  Evangelical  Union 
Headquarters. 

For  its  work,  the  Committee  is  wholly  dependent  upon 
voluntary  contributions  from  interested  societies  and  individ- 
uals. Contributions  and  other  correspondence  should  be  ad- 
dressed to  the  Chairman  at  156  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City. 

S.  H.  Chester,  Alfred  E.  Marling, 

James  Endicott,  Wm.  J.  Schieffelin, 

J.  Edgar  Leaycraft,  Robert  E.  Speer,  Chairman, 


A MISSION  HOSPITAL 

DR.  CHARLES  W.  ELIOT:  ^Trotestant  missions  perfectly 
illustrate  in  practical  ways  the  Christian  doctrine  of  universal 
brotherhood.  The  missions  strengthened  with  medical  mission- 
aries have  been  enabled  to  answer  in  the  most  effective  way  the 
question:  ‘Who  is  my  neighbor?’  They  have  not  passed  by  on 
the  other  side:  they  have  done  exactly  what  Jesus  told  the 
lawyer  to  do:  ‘Go  and  do  thou  likewise.’” 

HON.  CHASE  S.  OSBORN : “In  thirty  years  I have  visited 
every  autonomous  country  and  every  important  colonial  terri- 
tory in  the  world.  When  I started  to  travel,  I was  opposed 
to  foreign  mission  work;  as  I saw  what  was  being  done,  I 
began  to  change  my  opinion.  I am  now  an  enthusiastic  sup- 
porter of  foreign  missions.  It  is  the  only  way  we  are  doing 
much  of  the  world’s  work.” 


CRITICIZING  MISSIONS 


7 


V _ j CRITICIZING  MISSIONS 

The  variety  and  scope  of  the  foreign  missionary's  work 
challenge  all  the  ingenuity  and  strength  of  the  ablest  man;  he 
must  found  not  only  churches  with  all  their  departments  but 
hospitals,  printing  presses,  kindergartens,  colleges,  orphanages, 
asylums  and  various  other  kinds  of  Christian  and  benevolent 
work;  he  must  train  up  native  preachers  and  teachers,  erect 
buildings,  translate  and  print  books  and  tracts.  The  Gospel 
must  be  so  presented  as  to  touch  the  lives  of  men  at  many 
points,  and  they  must  be  helped  in  making  the  adaptation  to 
new  conditions.  In  some  lands,  the  missionary  must  even  re- 
duce languages  to  writing  and  teach  the  men  how  to  make 
clothing,  build  houses,  develop  industries  and  cultivate  the  soil, 
while  his  wife  must  show  the  women  how  to  sew  and  to  cook,  to 
care  for  children  and  to  make  a decent  home.  Much  of  this 
work  is  done  in  unfavorable  climates  and  amid  conditions  that 
tell  heavily  upon  the  strength  and  nerves.  The  typical  hospital, 
with  work  enough  for  two  or  three  physicians,  has  but  one 
medical  missionary.  Schools,  which  at  home  would  have  half 
a dozen  teachers,  have  but  one  or  two.  The  ordained  mission- 
ary must  often  unite  the  adaptability  of  a jack-of-all-trades  to 
the  functions  of  an  archbishop. 

But  the  usefulness  and  unselfishness  of  the  missionary’s 
work  do  not  exempt  him  from  criticism,  nor  should  they.  Any 
enterprise  which  depends  upon  public  support  is  a fair  object 
of  criticism.  Boards  and  missionaries  have  a right  to  insist 
that  criticism  'shall  be  honest;  but  within  that  limit,  any  one 
has  a right  to  scrutinize  their  methods  and  work  and  to  express 
his  conclusions  with  entire  frankness.  All  of  us  should  re- 
member, however,  that  the  foreign  missionaries  are  not  soldiers 
amenable  to  military  discipline,  or  mechanical  instruments,  but, 
like  ourselves,  are  fallible  men  and  women,  who  are  scattered 
all  over  the  world,  whose  acts  often  appear  strange  because 
determined  by  conditions  which  people  at  home  do  not  under- 


CRITICIZING  MISSIONS 


stand,  and  that  some  mistakes  are  inevitable  when  men  of  one 
race  attempt  to  live  among  and  influence  those  of  a different  race. 
We  shall  know  everything  and  do  things  just  right  when  we 
get  to  heaven;  but  on  earth  we  must  feel  our  way  along,  learn 
by  experience  and  do  our  best.  Men  conducting  home  enter- 
prises often  blunder,  and  the  result  is  frequently  waste,  dupli- 
cation, and  even  failure.  Why  then  should  we  demand  perfec- 
tion of  foreign  missionaries,  especially  when  their  work  is  con- 
ducted under  difficulties  far  more  numerous  and  formidable? 
So  may  our  criticism  be  reasonable  and  made  with  due  regard 
to  conditions. 

Some  critics,  of  course,  are  opposed  not  merely  to  certain 
methods  but  to  the  essential  character  of  the  movement  itself 
and  they  can  hardly  be  considered  fair  critics;  they  will  never 
be  silenced,  because  they  are  inaccessible  to  the  Christian  argu- 
ment. Their  criticisms  have  been  demolished  over  and  over 
again,  but  they  reappear  unabashed;  even  when  their  objec- 
tions are  overcome,  their  opposition  remains.  This  class  will 
always  ridicule  the  effort  to  propagate  a religion  which  they 
do  not  practice.  They  do  not  confine  their  criticisms  to  the 
missionary,  but  sneer  at  churches  at  home.  It  does  not  neces- 
sarily follow  that  the  criticisms  of  such  men  are  entirely  un- 
founded; but  ‘flt  is  within  the  right  of  the  missionary  to  protest 
against  being  arraigned  by  judges  habitually  hostile  to  him, 
and  it  is  within  the  right  of  the  public  to  scrutinize  the  pro- 
nouncements of  such  judgments  with  much  suspicion.^’  Travel- 
ers and  officials  like  Charles  Darwin,  Lord  Lawrence,  Sir  Harry 
H.  Johnston,  Sir  Robert  Hart,  Sir  Mortimer  Durand,  the  Hon. 
John  W.  Foster,  the  Hon.  William  Jennings  Bryan,  Mrs.  Isa- 
bella Bird  Bishop,  the  Hon.  Charles  Denby,  and  scores  of  others, 
have  borne  high  testimony  to  the  worth  of  missionaries.  Those 
who  do  not  confine  their  observations  to  tourist  hotels  or  draw 
upon  their  imagination  for  facts,  but  who  have  eyes  to  see 
and  ears  to  hear  the  mighty  forces  which  are  gradually  in- 
augurating a new  era  abroad,  report  that  the  typical  mission- 
ary is  an  educated,  devoted  man  of  the  highest  type  of  Chris- 


CRITICIZING  MISSIONS 


9 


tian  character,  and  that  in  the  spirit  of  the  Master  he  heals 
the  sick,  teaches  the  young,  translates  the  Bible,  creates  a 
wholesome  literature,  and  inculcates  those  great  truths  of  the 
Christian  religion  to  which  our  home  lands  owe  whatever  of 
true  greatness  they  possess. 

Yes,  there  is  much  to  be  done  in  our  own  land,  and  charity 
begins  at  home.  One  might  urge  with  equal  truth  that  edu- 


A boys’  school  in  HAVANA 

cation  begins  with  the  alphabet;  but  it  ends  there  only  with 
the  feeble-minded.  A New  York  pastor  says  that  we  ought 
to  give  less  for  foreign  missions  and  more  for  the  conversion 
of  ^‘the  foreigners  within  the  shade  of  our  churches.”  If, 
however,  he  had  looked  into  the  Report  of  the  Charity  Organi- 
zation of  New  York,  he  would  have  found  a list  of  3,300  religious 
and  philanthropic  agencies  in  his  own  city.  In  the  United 


10 


CRITICIZING  MISSIONS 


States  there  are  about  200,000  Protestant  churches,  or  one  for 
every  380  of  the  non-Catholic  population,  one  Protestant  min- 
ister for  500,  one  Christian  worker  for  75,  and  one  communicant 
for  4.  Talk  about  the  relative  needs  of  the  United  States! 
In  a town  of  8,000  people,  there  are  three  Presbyterian,  three 
United  Presbyterian,  three  Methodist,  two  Episcopal  churches, 
and  one  Christian  Church.  For  every  missionary  the  Church 
sends  abroad,  'she  holds  fifty-four  at  home.  A million  Ameri- 
cans are  engaged  in  distinctively  religious  work,  about  150,000 
of  whom  devote  themselves  to  it  as  a separate  profession.  In 
the  light  of  these  facts,  the  statement  that  ^The  Church  can- 
not see  the  misery  which  is  under  her  own  nose  at  home” 
appears  rather  absurd.  How  is  it  abroad?  In  South  America 
there  is  only  one  ordained  missionary  for  200,000  people; 
and  in  China,  one  for  400,000 ! Christ  did  not  tell  his  dis- 
ciples to  withhold  His  faith  from  other  nations  until  they  had 
converted  Palestine;  He  told  them  to  go  at  once  into  all  the 
world  and  preach  the  Gospel  to  the  whole  creation;  and  it  is 
because  they  obeyed  that  command  that  we  have  the  Gospel 
to-day.  It  is  the  duty  of  American  Christians  to  seek  to  con- 
vert America,  but  that  is  not  their  only  duty.  The  Christian 
of  to-day,  like  the  Christian  of  the  first  century,  has  a God- 
ordained  mission  to  the  world  which  cannot  wait  upon  the 
indifference  or  hostility  of  the  people  at  home. 

It  is  difficult  to  understand  how  an  American  or  European 
who  inherits  all  the  blessings  of  Christianity  can  deny  them  to 
the  rest  of  the  world.  Our  ancestors  in  the  forests  and  swamps 
of  northern  Europe  were  low  in  the  scale  of  civilization; 
Jerome  wrote  that  '‘when  a boy,  living  in  Gaul,  he  beheld  the 
Scots,  a people  of  Britain,  eating  human  flesh.”  The  Gospel 
of  Christ  brought  us  out  of  the  pit  of  barbarism.  Why  should 
we  doubt  its  power  to  do  for  other  races  what  it  has  done  for 
ours?  The  Church  owes  the  world  a chance. 

In  spite  of  the  advantages  in  Europe  and  America — his- 
toric associations,  favorable  public  opinion,  splendid  churches, 
numerous  workers — Christianity  is  making  more  rapid  progress 


CRITICIZING  MISSIONS 


11 


A PORTO  RICAN  CHAPEL 

cedented,  a blessing.  To  talk  of  missionaries 
talk  at  once  like  an  ignorant  and  faithless 
are  the  men  that  are  turning  the  world  right  side  up. 


on  the  foreign 
field  than  in  the 
home  field.  No 
other  work  in  the 
world  is  so  suc- 
cessful and  no 
other  yields  such 
large  returns  for 
the  expenditure. 
^‘To  sneer  at  mis- 
sionaries/^ said 
Cannon  Farrar, 
— ^^a  thing  so 
cheap  and  so 
easy  to  do — has 
always  been  the 
fashion  of  liber- 
tines and  cynics 
and  worldlings. 
So  far  from  hav- 
ing failed,  there 
is  no  work  of 
God  which  has 
received  so  abso- 
lute, so  unpre- 
as  a failure  is  to 
man.’^  For  they 


12 


FINANCING  MISSIONS 


FINANCING  MISSIONS 

It  'should  be  borne  in  mind  at  the  outset  that  the  principle  is 
support,  rather  than  compensation,  of  missionaries.  Inquiry  is 
made  as  to  the  cost  of  a reasonably  comfortable  living  and  a sum 


EARNING  WHILE  LEARNING 


is  assigned  that  covers  that  cost.  The  amount  varies  in  different 
fields,  as  the  cost  of  living  varies.  A married  man  gets  more  than 
a single  man  and  the  birth  of  a child  brings  a small  additional 


FINANCING  MISSIONS 


13 


allowance,  usually  $100  a year.  No  distinction  is  ever  made 
on  the  ground  of  relative  ability  or  responsibility;  the  most 
famous  preacher,  the  president  of  a great  university,  and  the 
superintendent  of  the  largest  hospital,  receive  precisely  the 
same  salary  as  the  humblest  member  of  the  mission.  The 
average  salary  is  about  $650  for  a single  missionary  and  $1,200 
for  a married  one;  house  accommodations  are  provided  in  addi- 
tion. The  scale  of  support  can  cover  only  reasonable  needs; 
and  while  ministers  in  this  country  may  look  forward  to  an 
increase,  sometimes  to  large  figures,  the  most  eminent  foreign 
missionary  expects  only  modest  maintenance  to  the  day  of  his 
death.  Other  foreigners  in  non-Christian  lands  are  paid  far 
more  liberally  than  missionaries.  If  ^^missionaries  live  in  lux- 
ury’^ in  such  circumstances  they  must  be  remarkable  financiers. 
A few,  of  course,  use  private  means.  The  fact  is  that  the  mis- 
sionary is  seldom  able  to  save  anything,  and  if  he  breaks  down, 
he  becomes  dependent. 

Globe-trotters,  who  have  eagerly  accepted  missionary  hos- 
pitality, have  sometimes  been  guilty  of  base  ingratitude  in  their 
accounts  of  it.  Oppressed  by  their  loneliness  and  hungry  for 
tidings  from  the  homeland,  the  missionary  and  his  wife  heart- 
ily welcome  the  visitor,  and,  in  honor  of  the  occasion,  bring  out 
their  little  household  treasures,  put  on  their  best  clothes,  and 
prepare  a dinner  far  better  than  they , ordinarily  have  or 
than  they  can  really  afford.  Then  the  guest  goes  away  to  prate 
about  the  extravagance  of  the  missionaries! 

Some  missionaries,  who  do  not  believe  in  boards  or  fixed 
salaries,  have  gone  out  independently,  with  the  intention  of 
supporting  themselves  by  some  kind  of  work,  or  of  subsisting 
on  the  direct,  ’spontaneous  gifts  of  individuals  or  local  churches 
at  home.  The  results  have  usually  been  disastrous.  Dr.  Law- 
rence said  it  seemed  to  him  ^That  India  was  literally  ’strewn 
with  the  wrecks  of  mission  work  begun  by  independent  mission- 
aries, but  for  one  reason  and  another  abandoned.’^  Much  the 
same  is  proving  true  elsewhere.  A missionary  without  means 
cannot  reasonably  expect  the  poverty-stricken  natives  to  sup- 


14 


FINANCING  MISSIONS 


port  him.  If  he  supports  himself,  he  must  toil  in  a way  that 
will  undermine  his  health,  secularize  his  life,  and  probably  ex- 
pose him  to  the  charge  of  mercenary  motives.  If  he  depends 
upon  a salary  from  home,  a board  is  the  best  agency  for  its 
collection  and  payment.  A missionary  once  declined  to  receive 
further  salary  from  his  board  on  the  ground  that  the  Holy 
Spirit  had  directed  him  ^^to  trust  the  Lord  to  'support  him 
by  the  voluntary  gifts  of  his  people.’’  Such  a statement  indi- 
cates a confusion  of  ideas.  Does  not  the  Lord  provide  the 
money  that  His  people  send  through  a Board?  It  is  not  a 
question  whether  a missionary  shall  receive  money  for  his 
support;  it  is  whether  he  shall  receive  it  in  the  orderly  way 
that  the  people  of  God,  led  by  His  spirit,  have  instituted.  A 
Christian  worker  who  refuses  a 'salary  either  receives  a larger 
sum  than  he  ought  to  have,  or  he  receives  less  than  he  ought 
to  get,  with  the  attendant  injury  to  his  own  health  and  wrong 
to  those  who  are  dependent  upon  him.  It  appears  reasonable 
that  the  home  Church  ought  to  send  and  maintain  a missionary, 
unless  he  has  a personal  income  that  suffices  for  his  wants,  and 
that  gifts  for  his  support  should  be  sent  through  the  established 
agency  of  the  Church  to  which  he  belongs.  Faith  and  piety 
are  consistent  with  common  sense  and  co-operative  endeavor. 
We  believe  that  the  only  sound  principle,  both  in  faith  and  in 
business,  is  that  the  Church  should,  through  a duly  constituted 
board,  assume  responsibility  for  the  'support  of  the  missionaries 
that  it  sends  out.  When  God  calls  men  to  go.  He  calls  His 
people  to  send.  If  there  is  financial  risk  to  be  taken,  the 
Church,  as  a whole,  should  bear  it,  and  each  member  should 
assume  his  share. 

ROBERT  LOUIS  STEVENSON:  ‘^Those  who  censure  missions 
have  only  one  thing  to  do — to  come  and  see  them  on  the  spot.” 

HON.  JOHN  W.  FOSTER:  ^‘My  observation  and  experience 
have  greatly  impressed  me  with  the  salutary  influence  of  Chris- 
tian missions.” 


THE  LAND 


15 


LATIN-AMERICA 

The  Land  Latin-America,  stretching  from  the  Rio  Grande 
to  Cape  Horn  and  including  three  islands  in  the  West  Indies, 
is  that  part  of  the  world  which  is  least  known  and  least  under- 
stood. ^^The  Neglected  Continent^^  unknown  and  unappreci- 
ated by  the  rest  of  the  busy  world,  lies  to  the  far  South,  en- 
tirely off  the  usual  lines  of  travel.  Our  American  tourists 
are  more  ubiquitous  than  those  of  any  other  country,  but  few 
of  them  swing  to  the  South  to  make  a personal  acquaintance 
with  the  lands  and  peoples  where  the  Southern  Cross  blazes 
overhead,  the  Fourth  of  July  is  celebrated  in  mid- winter,  and 
Christmas  in  the  heat  of  summer.  The  lack  of  great  diplomatic 
problems  has  also  contributed  toward  keeping  Latin-America 
a land  of  mystery.  We  have  comparatively  little  commerce 
below  the  Rio  Grande,  and  our  benevolent  Monroe  Doctrine 
has  prevented  the  European  powers  from  making  there  a battle- 
ground for  new  territory. 

Latin-America  has  three  times  the  area  of  our  own  coun- 
try, instead  of  being  as  some  one  has  expressed  it,  ‘^a  mere  hand- 
ful of  little  warring  republics. There  is  a larger  habitable 
area  in  the  Southern  than  in  the  Northern  Continent.  South 
America  is  also  East  of  North  America.  One  result  of  this 
easting  of  South  America  is  the  placing  of  its  Eastern  coasts 
near  the  markets  and  influences  of  the  old  world;  another  is 
the  making  of  almost  a direct  route  from  New  York  to  the 
West  Coast  of  South  America.  Panama  lies  two  thousand 
miles  almost  due  South  of  New  York,  and  Valparaiso,  the 
principal  western  port,  three  thousand  miles  south  of  Panama, 
exactly  in  the  longitude  of  Boston.  And  here  it  may  be  said, 
as  we  think  of  the  probable  influence  of  the  Panama  Canal 
on  our  commercial  relations  with  South  America,  that  our  ex- 
ports to  the  Latin  republics  are  $200,000,000  a year  less  than 
they  succeed  in  'selling  us. 

Brazil  is  as  large  as  the  whole  of  Europe.  The  Amazon 
offers  to  the  world  50,000  miles  of  navigable  water,  with  vast 


16 


THE  LAND 


A PUBLIC  PARK  IN  PARA 

unexplored  districts.  This  land  of  “magnificent  distances'’  has 
a population  of  between  fifteen  and  twenty  millions.  Across 
the  Rio  de  la  Plata,  the  Silver  River,  lies  one  of  the  most  inter- 
esting of  nations,  the  Argentine  Rejmblic,  It  embraces  all  kind's 
of  climate  and  life;  savage  Indians  hunt  with  primitive  weapons 
the  jaguar  and  the  puma;  great  pampas  support  untold  herds 
of  cattle  and  fields  of  grain;  a splendid  capital  of  1,600,000 
inhabitants  presents  the  comforts  and  commodities,  the  virtues 
and  the  vices  of  all  great  cosmopolitan  capitals;  barren  steppes 
reach  down  to  Magellan’s  Straits  where  a few  Indians  still 
manage  to  live.  No  country  gives  promise  of  a more  splendid 
future  than  does  this  Granary  of  Europe. 


THE  LAND 


17 


Chile y whose  inhabitants  are  known  as  ^^the  Yankees  of 
South  America’^  stretches  along  the  Western  Coast  almost 
three  thousand  miles.  The  wonderful  nitrate  beds  have  poured 
into  the  coffers  of  the  State  more  than  $425,000,000  in  gold. 
Boliviay  ^^the  Hermit  Republic’^  shares  with  Paraguay  the 
doubtful  advantage  of  having  no  coast  line  to  protect  in  case 
of  war;  above  La  Paz  lies  a great  inland  sea,  as  high  as  the 
Jungfrau,  as  large  as  Lake  Erie.  Here  are  the  wonderful 
temples  of  the  pre-Incan  civilization,  an  inexplainable  mys- 
tery, the  builders  being  entirely  unknown.  Peru  was  the  goal 
of  the  ambitions  of  the  Spanish  conquistadores,  who  with  sword 
on  hip  and  cross  in  hand,  expected  to  find  gold  as  common  as 
coal.  There  may  still  lie  hidden  here  riches  that  excel  the 
world^'s  widest  dreams.  Ecuador  and  the  two  larger  republics, 
Venezuela  and  Colombia,  should  be  the  first  to  receive  new 
impulses  from  the  Panama  Canal,  but  many  years  must  pass 
before  they  rank  with  the  republics  of  the  south. 

To  the  north  and  west 
of  Panama  lie  the  five  small 
Central  American  Republics 
and  the  ancient  empire  of 
Aztecs,  Mexico.  These  six 

republics  should  be  pros- 
perous nations  but  they 

lack  those  great  moral  qual- 
ities that  alone  can  make 

a nation  permanently  great. 
It  may  well  be  doubted 
whether  the  Indians  and 
peons,  who  form  the  bulk  of 
the  population,  have  any 

better  conception  of  God  and 
of  life  present  and  to  come, 
after  almost  four  hundred 
years  of  Latin  rule,  than  had 
the  ancient  Aztecs  when  the 


A LITTLE  BRAZILIAN 


18 


THE  PEOPLE 


hosts  of  Montezuma  were  overwhelmed  by  the  free-booters  from 
Spain.  The  three  small  republics  of  the  West  Indies,  lying 
close  to  our  own  shores,  are  more  intimately  known. 

The  People  The  inhabitants  of  Latin-America  may  be  divided 
into  three  classes : the  Indians,  the  lower  or  peon  class,  descended 
from  Latin  ancestors,  though  often  mixed  with  Indian  blood, 
and  the  aristocratic,  landed  class. 

The  Indians  are  to  be  found  in  diminishing  numbers,  from 
the  Rio  Grande  to  Cape  Horn;  the  total  number  is  largely  a 
matter  of  conjecture,  though  fifteen  millions  is  probably  the 


RAILROAD  CONSTRUCTION  BY  INDIANS 

maximum.  Some  tribes,  as  yet  untouched  by  the  white  man’s 
civilization,  lead  a savage  life,  even  to  the  practice  of  cannibal- 
ism on  their  conquered  foes.  Indians  are  still  bought  and  sold 
as  slaves,  and  recent  investigations  have  revealed  atrocities 
that  equal  the  crimes  committed  on  the  Congo. 

While  men  and  even  women,  will  leave  home  and  risk  almost 
certain  disease  and  probable  death  in  their  pursuit  of  the  yellow 
lure,  few  are  to  be  found  who  will  go  into  those  fever-infected 


THE  PEOPLE 


19 


districts  in  order  to  carry  to  the  silent,  suffering,  dark-’skinned 
children  of  the  tropics,  the  story  of  which  they  have  never 
heard.  Only  a few  sporadic  attempts  are  being  made  by 
Protestant  churches  to  reach  and  evangelize  this  Indian  popu- 
lation. We  do  not  have  to  leave  our  own  hemisphere  to  find 
pagans — millions  of  them — sitting  on  our  own  doorstep.  The 
missionary  world  has  no  greater  need  to-day  than  messengers 
to  carry  the  Light  to  these  millions  of  fellow-Americans  who 
are  born  and  live  in  depressing,  pagan  darkness  and  go  down 
to  death  with  no  knowledge  of  the  life  beyond  or  of  the  Christ 
who  died  to  open  wide  its  portals. 

Slightly  above  the  Indian  comes  the  peon  class.  In  many 
cases,  the  blood  of  old  Spain  has  been  mixed  by  Indian  infusion. 
The  result  is  a race  of  men  that  can  stand  the  hardest  work, 
live  on  the  most  meagre  diet  in  the  midst  of  squalor  and  filth 
indescribable,  and  at  the  same  time  look  out  on  life  with  a 
fatalistic  resignation  that  has  rarely,  if  ever,  been  equalled  in 
the  history  of  the  human  race.  Neither  Church  nor  State  has, 
to  any  extent,  interested  itself  in  bettering  their  condition.  In 
the  foul  atmosphere  of  filthy  tenements,  in  the  thatched  hovels 
of  villages  and  farms,  in  bamboo  huts  along  great  rivers  men 
and  women  cohabit  and  families  are  brought  into  being, 
with  no  sanction  or  hindrance  on  the  part  of  civil  or  ecclesias- 
tical authorities.  Many  landed  proprietors  of  Latin-America 
do  not  favor  the  education  of  its  laboring  class,  the  Helot 
of  modern  times;  but  there  are  signs  that  these  oppressed 
human  beings  are  beginning  to  awake  and  to  feel  their  enor- 
mous possibilities. 

Between  this  lower  working  class  and  the  upper  ruling 
class  there  is  a great  gulf  fixed  which,  with  difficulty,  is  crossed, 
save  on  a bridge  of  gold.  The  land  and  the  wealth  of  most 
communities  are  in  the  hands  of  a few;  Chile’s  tillable  soil  is 
held  by  seven  per  cent,  of  the  population.  With  this  wealth 
goes  also  a large  degree  of  culture  and  luxury.  There  are 
splendid  mansions;  parents  and  children  have  traveled  and  it 
is  no  unusual  accomplishment  to  speak  facilely  three  or  more 


20 


THE  NEED 


foreign  tongues.  The  toilettes  and  the  carriages  of  the  evening 
drive  in  many  capitals  compare  very  favorably  with  those  seen 
in  the  Bois  de  Boulogne  or  Central  Park. 

The  two  extremes  of  poverty  and  wealth  exist  side  by  side, 
but  there  is  no  bond  of  union  between  them.  The  negro  of  the 
United  States  occupies  a position  of  greater  promise  among  his 
white  neighbors  than  does  the  lower  class  Latin  among  those  of 
his  own  blood  and  color.  The  peon’s  life  is  atune  to  a minor 
note  and  he  sings  a miserere  more  often  than  a jubilate. 

The  Need  The  question  is  often  asked,  ‘‘Are  missionaries  do- 
ing a legitimate  and  necessary  work  in  Latin- America?”  Tour- 
ists will  see  something 
of  the  needs  there 
and  will  thus  know 
the  urgency  with 
which  Christian  work 
is  required. 

The  great  need  of 
the  70,000,000  Latin- 
Americans  is  the  Word 
of  God.  “The  South 
American  religion  is 
the  one  religion  in  the 
world  which  has  no 
Sacred  Book  for  the 
people.  In  China,  the 
great  ambition  for  cen- 
turies has  been  to 
master  the  Classics.  In 
Moslem  lands  an  ideal 
of  the  educated  man  is 
to  be  able  to  read  the 
Koran  in  Arabic.  Hin- 
dus and  Buddhists  have 
their  sacred  books  open 
A PEON  MOTHER  AND  CHILD  to  all.  But  in  South 


THE  NEED 


21 


America  we  have  the  phenomenon  of  a land  with  its  sacred 
Scriptures  sealed  to  the  people.’^ 

Because  of  the  ignorance  of  the  Scriptures  the  people  have 
no  clear  vision  of  either  God  the  Father  or  of  Christ  the  Saviour, 
Master  and  Friend.  For  this  common  need  of  all  the  world, 
Latin-America  has  practically  no  supply.  A large  percentage 
of  the  educated  men  of  South  America  are  atheists;  they  have 
sought  to  help  in  philosophy,  only  to  end  in  blank  agnosticism. 
^‘Both  the  intellectual  life  and  the  ethical  standards  of  these 
countries  seem  to  be  entirely  divorced  from  religion.  The  men 
of  the  upper  or  educated  class  appear  wholly  indifferent  to 
theology  and  to  Christian  worship.  It  has  no  interest  for 
them;  they  think  it  does  not  concern  them  and  may  be  left  to 
women  and  peasants.  The  absence  of  a religious  foundation 
for  thought  and  conduct  is  a grave  misfortune  for  Latin- 
America.”* 

The  number  of  illiterates  in  Latin-America  is  so  appalling 
that  there  can  be  no  question  as  to  the  need  of  missionary 
schools.  Some  of  the  more  advanced  governments  under  the 
lead  of  liberal  statesmen  have  sought  help  from  foreign  edu- 
cators and  have  established  modern  systems  of  education  that 
promise  better  things  for  the  coming  generations.  But  even 
the  two  most  advanced  republics  of  South  America  still  report 
that  sixty  per  cent,  of  their  population  is  illiterate.  Others, 
as  Bolivia  and  Ecuador,  have  as  high  as  eighty-five  per  cent, 
of  illiterates.  Any  exact  percentage  of  illiterates  for  Latin- 
America  cannot  be  determined,  but  it  is  probably  not  far  from 
seventy-five  per  cent,  of  the  entire  population.  Some  of  the 
most  backward  republics  of  Latin-America  are  now  trying  to 
shake  off  this  incubus  of  ignorance  and  are  engaging  foreign 
teachers  for  the  reorganization  of  their  school  ’system.  Bolivia, 
a few  years  ago,  offered  a Presbyterian  missionary  the  posi- 
tion of  head  of  its  educational  department  with  full  powers. 
Ecuador  called  in  a Methodist  preacher  to  help  in  its  Normal 
schools,  and  Peru  is  to-day  utilizing  American  educators  in 


* Bryce,  ''South  America,'"  page  582. 


22 


THE  NEED 


the  state  schools.  The  stimulus  and  model  for  education  every- 
where are  the  missionary  schools. 

The  social  condition  of  Latin-America  is  a theme  of  which 
one  hesitates  to  write.  The  whole  structure  of  social  and  com- 
mercial life  stands  upon  an  insecure  basis;  widespread  dis- 
trust makes  life  dark  and  progress  difficult.  The  awful 
results  of  impurity  may  be  judged  from  the  large  number  of 
illegitimate  births.  Blasphemy  is  too  common;  sacred  names 
have  come  to  have  no  sacredness.  Elections  and  bull-fights 
are  scheduled  for  Sundays,  and  in  some  cities  the  races  are 
prohibited  on  other  days. 

These  are  some  of  the  conditions  that  make  imperative 
Evangelical  missionary  effort  in  those  lands.  The  responsibil- 
ity for  bettering  the  conditions  rests  in  an  unusual  degree  with 


the  churches  of  the 
United  States  and  Can- 
ada. The  sphere  of 
the  influence  of  Euro- 
peans is  largely  lim- 
ited to  commercial  con- 
quests that  only  too 
often  mean  the  de- 
spoiling of  the  native 
races  and  an  unpar- 
donable waste  of  natu- 
ral resources;  the  for- 
eign merchant  is  little 
interested  in  improv- 


WAITING  FOR  A SCHOOL 


ing  moral  conditions.  Britain  in  a single  year  takes  out  of  South 
America  in  profits  more  than  all  Europe  and  America  combined 
contribute  to  the  moral  and  spiritual  uplift  of  the  Latin  peoples 
in  a century! 

The  Panama  Canal  has  made  still  more  direct  our  respon- 
sibility for  the  intellectual,  moral  and  spiritual  advance  of 
those  seventy  millions  of  fellow- Americans, — territorial  and  com- 
mercial hegemony  being  also  hegemony  of  moral  responsibility. 


THE  NEED 


23 


When  Chile  and  the  Argentine  made  a treaty  of  peace  after 
decades  of  national  misunderstandings,  they  erected  on  their 
common  frontier  a gigantic  statue  of  the  Prince  of  Peace. 
On  the  pedestal  they  inscribed  these  words: 

^‘Sooner  shall  these  mountains  crumble  into  dust 
than  Chileans  and  Argentines  break  the  peace  which, 
at  the  feet  of  Christ  the  Redeemer,  they  have  sworn 
to  maintain.” 

When  they  came  to  set  up  this  statue,  they  had  to  decide  this 
question.  How  should  the  face  of  Christ  be  turned?  They 
turned  His  face  to  the  north.  And  there  stands  to-day  the 
^^Christ  of  the  Andes^^  with  the  upborne  Cross  and  the  uplifted 
hand,  as  though  He  were  looking  and  waiting  for  the  help  that 
must  come  from  His  disciples  in  the  great  Northland.  Around 
Him,  in  mountain  fastnesses,  on  plateaus,  among  the  valleys, 
out  on  the  broad  plains  and  along  those  splendid  rivers,  await, 
too,  the  people  of  Latin- America.  The  silent,  impassive  Indian, 
still  bearing  his  burden  of  centuries,  and  the  impulsive,  light- 
hearted, lovable  Latin,  in  city  and  village  and  hamlet,  await 
the  help  that  must  come  from  their  fellow-Americans  of  the 
north. 

ANGLICAN  BISHOP  OF  ARGENTINE:  ^‘The  needs  of  South 
America, — how  great  and  pathetic  they  are ! The  world’s 
empty  continent,  the  hope  of  the  future,  is  without  true  religion. 
Of  what  use  are  vast  material  resources,  rapid  development, 
wealth,  power,  without  that?  Surely  God  has  a place  in  the 
world  for  these  brilliant  Southern  races.  Our  own  people,  the 
Spanish  and  Portuguese-speaking  peoples,  and  the  aboriginal 
Indian  races  need  Scriptural,  Apostolic  Christianity  if  their 
future  is  not  to  be  a disappointment  and  their  development  a 
failure.” 

LORD  ROBERTS:  ^^Some  object  to  Christian  Missions  in 
ignorance  of  their  real  value.  Most  missions  will  bear  looking 
into;  if  you  will  do  this,  you  will  never  afterwards  condemn 
or  belittle  them.” 


24 


STATEMENT 


STATEMENT  (CONDENSED)  ADOPTED  BY  A CONFERENCE 
ON  LATIN-AMERICA,  NEW  YORK,  MARCH,  1913 

This  Conference  desires  to  record  its  conviction  that  the 
Mission  Boards  of  North  America  should  as  speedily  as  pos- 
sible give  more  earnest  and  generous  assistance  to  the  people 
of  Mexico,  Central  and  South  America,  Cuba  and  Porto  Rico  in 
their  work  of  intellectual,  moral  and  spiritual  development. 
Latin- America  presents  a situation  different  in  many  respects 
from  that  presented  by  the  non-Christian  peoples  of  Asia  and 
Africa  where  we  find  ethnic  faiths  entrenched  behind  the  sanc- 
tions of  many  centuries  of  national  thought  and  practice.  In 
Latin- America  is  no  great,  non-Christian  religious  system.  We 
find  that  religious  indifference,  agnosticism  and  infidelity,  espe- 
cially in  the  more  enlightened  countries,  have  laid  a strong 
hand  upon  most  of  the  people;  moreover,  there  are  several  mil- 
lions of  unevangelized  Indians  and  other  native  peoples,  who 
are  as  pagan  as  any  tribes  in  the  heart  of  Africa;  their  need 
of  the  Gospel  is  the  same.  These  patent  facts  call  loudly  upon 
Christian  communions  to  more  worthy  effort  to  aid  the  people 
of  Latin- America : 1.  Millions  of  people  are  without  the  Gospel 
to-day;  2.  The  percentage  of  illiteracy  is  from  50  per  cent,  to 
85  per  cent.;  3.  The  percentage  of  illegitimacy  is  appallingly 
high;  4.  Agnosticism,  if  not  infidelity,  almost  universally  pre- 
vails in  all  the  universities. 

In  undertaking  a more  vigorous  and  adequate  work  in 
Latin-America,  we  are  sure  that  the  Missions  will  continue  to 
display  an  irenic  and  constructive  spirit.  We  urge  that,  wher- 
ever possible,  the  largest  practicable  measure  of  interdenomina- 
tional co-operation  be  employed.  May  we  not  endeavor  to  avoid 
the  mistake  of  perpetuating  among  Latin  peoples  the  inherited 
divisions  of  the  past  with  their  resulting  weakness?  Let  us  be 
constrained  by  the  power  and  pathos  of  prayer  of  our  Lord 
‘‘that  they  all  may  be  one  that  the  world  may  believe.’^ 
Eugene  R.  Hendrix,  James  B.  Rodgers, 

John  W.  Wood,  W.  F.  Oldham,  Committee, 


MEXICO 


25 


MEXICO 

There  were  missionary  beginnings  during  the  sixties  at 
Monterrey  and  Mexico  City.  In  the  early  seventies  a number 
of  strong  American  Boards  entered  the  field.  The  progressive 
and  liberal  administration  of  General  Porfirio  Diaz  began  in 
1876;  the  guarantees  of  liberty  of  worship  were  safeguarded 
and  the  people  were  very  friendly  toward  mission  work;  schools 
and  hospitals  proved  especially  welcome,  and  the  evangelistic 


A PRE-HISTORIC  PYRAMID 


work  resulted  in  many  conversions.  When  the  disorders  mark- 
ing the  close  of  the  Diaz  administration  began  (1911)  there  was 
a Protestant  membership  of  more  than  25,000,  a constituency 
of  perhaps  five  times  as  many,  and  an  investment  of  hundreds 
of  thousands  of  dollars  in  schools,  churches,  residences,  hos- 
pitals, presses  and  other  properties,  located  in  the  principal 
cities  and  towns  of  the  republic.  Thousands  of  English-speak- 
ing people,  mostly  Americans,  were  living  in  the  country,  for 
whom  schools  and  worship  in  English  were  conducted  in  most 
large  cities.  The  American  or  English  traveler  could  attend 
church  almost  anywhere  he  chanced  to  spend  Sunday. 

Under  normal  conditions  the  following  cities  have  strong 
evangelistic  and  educational  work  in  Spanish,  and  usually  Sun- 
day Services  in  English:  entering  via  Laredo — Monterray,  Sal- 


26 


MEXICO 


AN  OAXACA  MAIDEN 


tillo,  San  Luis  Potosi,  Queretero,  Mexico 
City,  where  a Union  Church  is  con- 
ducting its  helpful  work  in  the  Anglo- 
American  colony  even  during  these 
troubled  times;  via  Eagle  Pass — Piedras 
Negras,  Torreon,  Durango;  via  El  Paso 
— Chihuahua,  Parral,  Zacatecas,  Aguas 
Calientes,  Leon,  Guanajuato,  Guadala- 
jara; also  at  the  Port  of  Vera  Cruz, 
Jalapa,  Orizaba  and  Puebla  on  the 
way  to  Mexico  City,  and  Cuernavaca 
and  Pachuca,  near  Mexico;  also  at 
the  Port  of  Tampico,  Victoria  and 
Linares. 

Now,  1915,  much  is  changed.  Along 
with  other  citizens  of  the  United  States, 
many  of  the  missionaries,  under  orders 
from  their  government,  have  reluctantly 
left  the  country.  A good  deal  of  the 
educational  work  has  been  discontinued 
while  all  kinds  of  institutional  work  has 
been  seriously  affected.  The  Mexican 
preachers  and  teachers  have  faithfully 
endeavored  to  maintain  uninterrupted 
work  even  during  the  worst  part  of  the 
revolution.  Mission  buildings  and  equip- 
ment are  intact,  as  all  factions  in  the 
political  strife  have  shown  marked  re- 
spect for  the  missionaries  and  their 
work.  It  will  be  easy  to  resume  more 
active  operations  when  the  atmosphere 
clears;  most  observers  are  of  the  opin- 
ion that  following  this  period  of  inter- 
ruption there  will  be  even  increased  ap- 
preciation of  evangelical  institutions, 
especially  of  schools. 


MEXICO 


27 


Any  presentation,  therefore,  of  the  work  as  it  now  is 
would  give  a most  inadequate  conception  of  what  has  been 
done  and  of  what  may  yet  be  expected.  Another  aspect  of  the 
Mexican  situation,  rendering  inopportune  a directory  of  mis- 
sionary operations  just  at  present  should  be  mentioned.  The 
majority  of  the  Boards  operating  in  that  country,  recognizing 
the  fact  that  improvement  was  possible  in  the  method  of  occu- 
pation of  the  field,  are  taking  advantage  of  the  present  enforced 
lull  to  effect  readjustment.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  Mexico, 
a country  so  interesting  and  so  beautiful,  so  well  worth  visit- 
ing and  accessible,  and  so  needy  of  a helping  hand,  will  not 
keep  its  doors  closed  to  the  world  much  longer  by  reason  of 
family  infelicities.  Conditions  in  Mexico  present  an  unavoid- 
able challenge  to  the  Christians  of  America. 


LEARNING  BY  DOING  IN  A MISSION  SCHOOL 


28 


CUBA 


CUBA 

Dating  from  the  close  of  the  Spanish- American  War,  vari- 
ous American  Evangelical  Churches  began  systematic  mission- 
ary work.  The  agencies  employed  have  been  colportage,  preach- 
ing and  Sabbath  and  day  schools.  The  first  places  to  be  occu- 
pied were  the  six  provincial  capitals  and  from  these  the  work 
has  spread  gradually  into  the  smaller  towns  until  now  every 
center  of  importance  has  its  chapel  and  Sabbath  School.  Care 
has  been  taken  to  prevent  over-lapping  and  waste  of  effort. 
The  Northern  Baptists  and  the  Methodists  have  well  equipped 


DELIVERING  WATER  IN  CUBA 


co-educational  colleges.  All  the  denominations  have  flourish- 
ing day  schools,  many  of  which  offer  an  education  far  in 
advance  of  the  public  schools.  Sunday  Schools  and  Young 
People’s  Societies  abound  and  their  delegates  meet  annually  in 
a convention  which  does  much  to  effect  solidarity  among  the 
Missions  and  to  elevate  the  character  of  the  work.  All  the 
Missions  are  training  with  care  a native  ministry  and  insistence 
is  maintained  on  self-support. 

HAVANA  Protestant  organizations  have  valuable,  centrally 
located  properties,  from  which,  as  centers,  work  is  carried  on 


CUBA 


29 


in  about  twenty  points  in  the  city  and  suburbs.  Progress  is 
steady  and  sure,  if  not  rapid.  The  first  evangelical  church  in 
the  city  was  erected  in  1906. 

Services  in  English  : BajMst  Church,  Zulueta  y Dragones, 
Sundays,  10:15  a.m. ; Episcopal  Church,  Neptuno  56,  Sundays, 
10:30  a.m.;  Methodist  Church,  Industria  82  (upstairs),  Sun- 
days, 10:15  a.m.  and  Mondays,  8:00  p.m. ; Presbyterian  Church, 
Salud  40,  Sundays,  10:00  a.m.  Spanish  work  is  conducted  in 
all  of  these  churches. 

Institutions:  Cuban  American  College  (Southern  Baptist), 
Zulueta  y Dragones;  The  Cathedral  Schools  (Episcopal),  for 
boys  and  girls,  at  Paseo  and  Calle  15,  Vedado;  Candler  College 
(Methodist),  at  Puentes  Grandes, — take  Vedado  car  to  Car 
Station,  change  to  Marianao  car;  get  off  at  Candler  College 
Station;  Southern  Methodist  School,  Virtudes  No.  12;  Presby- 
terian School,  Soledad  No.  28;  Young  Men’s  Christian  Associa- 
tion, new  building,  at  Egido  12,  which  is  always  open. 

MATANZAS  In  this  city,  with  its  40,000  inhabitants,  there 
are  five  Protestant  Churches:  Baptist,  corner  of  Rida  and 
Saragosa  Streets;  Disciples,  Milanes  and  Segundo  de  Mayo 
Streets;  Episcopal,  60  San  Juan  de  Dois  Street;  Methodist 
(South),  corner  of  Saragosa  and  Manzana  Streets;  Presbyterian, 
121/2  Isabel  Primera  Street. 

Services  in  English:  From  November  first  until  April  first 
there  are  English  services  at  10:00  a.m.  on  Sundays  in  the 
Presbyterian  Church,  Versalles,  front  of  the  Quartel. 
Institutions:  Methodist  College  on  Simpson  Hill  near  the 
^^Quinta  Metodista.’’ 

CARDENAS  There  are  four  denominations  in  this  city,  viz.: 
Southern  Presbyterians,  the  first  to  establish  Protestant  work 
in  1899,  on  Fourth  Avenue,  corner  Thirteenth  Street;  the  Meth- 
odist (South),  at  First  Avenue  and  Thirteenth  Street;  the 
Southern  Baptist,  at  Fourth  Avenue  and  Fifteenth  Street,  and 
the  Episcopal, 


30 


CUBA 


Institutions:  ''La  Progressiva''  (Presbyterian  School),  Eighth 
Avenue  corner  Thirteenth  Street;  this  school  has  the  largest 


LITTLE  CUBANS  STARTING  RIGHT 

matriculation  of  any  school  on  the  Island.  "Jose  Marti"  (Bap- 
tist School),  No.  335,  Laborde  Street.  Industrial  Orphan 
Home,  Tenth  Avenue  and  Twentieth  Street. 


CUBA 


31 


CIENFUEGOS  Protestant  work  in  this  city  was  begun  in 
1888,  but  the  Spanish  War  came  on,  the  church  was  scattered, 
and  when  missionaries  entered  later  the  work  had  to  be  begun 
practically  anew. 

Services  in  English:  Methodist  Church,  Independencia  Street, 
corner  Santa  Cruz,  Sundays,  9:30  a.m. 

Churches:  Baptist,  corner  Independencia  and  Castillo;  Epis- 
copal, corner  Tacon  and  Lamar;  Methodist,  corner  Independen- 
cia and  Santa  Cruz;  Presbyterian,  Independencia  No.  85. 

Institutions:  Eliza  Bowman  College  for  Girls,  Independencia 
No.  89,  a Boarding  and  Day  School  for  girls  and  young  ladies 
under  the  Women^s  Council  of  the  Methodist  Church  South; 
El  Salvador  College  (Presbyterian),  Independencia  No.  85. 

SANTIAGO  The  work  of  the  Evangelical  Churches  here, 
though  established  only  a few  years  ago,  is  rapidly  winning  the 
respect  of  all  classes.  Steady  progress  is  being  made  in  the 
matter  of  membership  and  spirituality.  The  Baptist  and  Meth- 
odist denominations  have  large  and  centrally  located  churches 
and  there  are  also  Episcopal  and  Independent  Missions.  Ser- 
vices in  Spanish  are  held  in  all  of  the  churches  at  7:30  Sunday 
evenings  and  also  certain  other  days  of  the  week.  All  of  the 
pastors  speak  English. 

Services  in  English:  Episcopal  Church,  Reloj,  baja.  No.  3, 
Sundays,  4:00  p.m. ; Methodist  Church,  corner  Lacret  and  Bar- 
tolome  Masso  Streets,  Sundays,  4:30  p.m. 

Churches:  Apostolic  Holiness,  San  Carlos  alto  18;  Baptist, 
corner  Rosado  and  Jose  A.  Saco  Streets;  Episcopal,  Reloj,  baja. 
No.  3,  Methodist,  Lacret,  alta,  5%. 

Institutions:  Marti  Institute  (Baptist),  corner  of  Pio  Rosada 
and  Saco  Streets;  Episcopal  School,  74  Santa  Ines  Street;  Las 
Buenas  Nuevas,  San  Carlos,  alta.  No.  18. 

At  El  Cristo,  twelve  miles  from  Santiago,  on  the  Central 
Railroad,  is  the  center  of  the  Northern  Baptist  educational 
work,  with  the  best  equipped  Evangelical  College  on  the  Island. 


32 


HAITI— PORTO  RICO 


HAITI  SANTO  DOMINGO 

PORT-AU-PRINCE  Services  in  English:  Anglican  Church, 
Rue  des  Casernes,  4:00  p.m.,  Sundays;  Wesleyan  Methodist 
Church,  Rue  de  la  Revolution,  3:00  p.m.,  Sundays;  African 
Methodist  Church,  3:00  p.m.,  Sundays.  A visit  will  reveal  the 
unusual  didiculties  under  which  the  missionaries  are  laboring. 
CAPE  HAITI  Services  in  English:  Wesleyan  Church,  near 
the  American  Consulate,  Sundays,  9 :30  a.m.,  preaching;  2 :00  p.m. 
Sunday  School;  BajHist  Church,  at  the  same  time  as  the  Wes- 
leyan, but  owing  to  a recent  fire  they  have  no  permanent  church 
home;  Seventh  Day  Adventist  Church,  near  the  Port  Office,  Sat- 
urdays, 10:00  a.m.;  Sabbath  School,  11:00  a.m.;  preaching, 
5:00  p.m. 

SAN  PEDRO  DE  MACROIS,  SANTO  DOMINGO  and 
PUERTA  PLATA  are  centers  which  present  difficult  problems 
for  missionary  endeavor.  The  field  is  a very  hard  and  needy 
one  and  the  various  Baptist,  Methodist  and  Moravian  workers 
should  have  all  the  encouragement  that  travelers  can  give. 


PORTO  RICO 

Protestant  Missions  in  Porto  Rico  date  from  the  year  of 
the  American  occupation,  1898.  Until  that  time  religious  liberty 


DENOMINATIONAL  ZONES  OF  INFLUENCE  IN  PORTO  RICO 


PORTO  RICO 


33 


was  unknown  and  there  was  not  a single  native  Protestant 
organization  on  the  Island.  The  first  building  erected  after 
the  American  occupation  was  the  Presbyterian  Church  in  San- 
turce,  a suburb  of  San  Juan. 

Any  study  of  Porto  Rico  that  fails  to  take  into  account 
the  mission  work  of  Evangelical  churches  would  be  entirely 
inadequate.  Some  histories  scarcely  mention  this,  one  of  the 
greatest  forces  that  have  been  introduced  into  the  Island,  so 
they  fail  to  make  clear  a chief  cause  of  the  great  changes 
that  have  occurred.  The  larger  towns  were  fixed  as  mission 
centres  and  from  these  radiated  the  numerous  lines  of  work. 
The  effect  of  these  centres  manned  by  Americans  speaking 
Spanish  and  teaching  a strong  and  upright  life  by  precept  and 
example  can  never  be  properly  estimated.  By  a very  happy 
agreement  the  Island  was  divided  among  the  various  Evan- 
gelical bodies  so  that  there  might  be  no  overlapping  of  work. 
(See  map.) 

In  addition  to  the  evangelistic  activities  there  has  been 
much  educational  work  done;  tourists  will  be  especially  inter- 
ested in  the  institutions  mentioned  below.  The  spirit  of  union 
is  popular;  three  denominations,  Presbyterian,  United  Breth- 
ren and  Congregational,  join  in  the  publication  of  a church 
paper  and  the  work  of  a Training  School  for  native  ministers, 
which  is  situated  at  Mayaguez.  There  is  one  other  school  of 
even  more  inter-denominational  character,  the  Polytechnic  In- 
stitute of  San  German;  its  beautiful  location  and  efficient  work 
merit  a visit  from  every  tourist  in  the  Island. 

SAN  JUAN  San  Juan,  being  the  capital  as  well  as  the  larg- 
est city,  early  became  an  important  center  for  six  denomina- 
tions. The  district  is  very  large  and  populous  and  there  is  no 
over-lapping  of  work. 

Services  in  English:  Episcopal^  Cristo  Street,  No.  24,  Sun- 
days, 8:00  a.m.  and  10:30  a.m. ; Lutheran,  Luna  Street  38, 
Sundays,  7:30  p.m.;  Methodist,  Stop  11,  Santurce,  Sundays, 
11:00  a.m.  and  8:00  p.m.;  Presbyterian,  Allen  Street  10,  Sun- 
days, 11:00  a.m.,  Wednesdays,  8:00  p.m. 


34 


PORTO  RICO 


Churches:  Baptist,  San  Francisco  and  Tanca  Streets;  Epis- 
copal, Stop  7;  Methodist,  18  General  Contrar;  Presbyterian 
Church  and  Settlement,  10  Allen  Street. 


THE  FIRST  WASHBOARD 


Institutions:  Kellogg  Institute  (Congregational),  Stop  22V2; 
Robinson  Orphanage  (Methodist),  Stop  46,  Condado;  Presby- 
terian Hospital,  Stop  46,  Condado;  O^Neill  Memorial  Settlement, 
10  Allen  Street;  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  Stop  1, 
Military  Road;  '‘El  Defensor  Cristiano"  (Periodical  of  Metho- 
dist Church),  Stop  6;  “El  Evangelista"  (Periodical  of  the  Bap- 
tist Church),  Baptist  Church,  San  Francisco  Street. 

RIO  PIEDRAS  Situated  about  seven  miles  from  San  Juan 
and  connected  with  that  city  by  trolley,  this  is  the  seat  of  the 
Island  University.  The  Baptists  are  at  work  here  and  have  a 
fine  cement  chapel  on  Brombaugh  Street  where  services  are 
held  both  in  Spanish  and  English,  the  English  Services  being 
held  on  Sundays  at  11:00  a.m.  while  the  English  Sabbath  School 
meets  at  9:30  a.m.  In  addition,  the  Baptists  have  a training 


PORTO  RICO 


35 


school  for  the  Christian  Ministry,  the  academic  work  being  done 
at  the  University. 

Services  in  English:  Episcopal  Church,  29  Marina  Street, 

Sundays,  7:00,  Commun- 
ion; 9:00  a.m.,  Sunday 
School;  10:00  a.m.,  preach- 
ing; 8:00  p.m..  Evensong; 
Friday,  8:00  p.m.,  Litany; 
Methodist  Church,  Villa 
Street,  Sundays,  10 :30  a.m. 
Churches  : Baptist,  cor- 
ner Simon  Moret  and 
Bertoli  Streets ; Chris- 
tian, corner  Vives  and 
Union  Streets;  Episcopal, 
29  Marina  Street;  Metho- 
dist, Villa  Street;  United 
Brethren,  corner  Marina 
and  Jobo  Streets. 
Institutions:  St.  Luke's 
Memorial  Hospital,  Epis- 
copal, located  to  the 
northwest  of  the  city; 
Puerto  Rico  Evangelico 
Printing  Plant  (Interde- 
nominational), 7 Jobo 
Street. 

MAYAGUEZ  One  of  the 
strongest  missions  in  the 
Island  is  found  here, 
though  only  two  denomi- 
nations are  represented, 
the  Presbyterian  and  Epis- 
copal. The  Presbyterians 
maintain  a large  evangelistic  work  and  several  interesting 
institutions. 


A NATIVE  NURSE 


36 


PORTO  RICO— VENEZUELA 


Services  in  English:  St,  Andrew’s  Chapel  (Episcopal),  Laber- 
into  and  Salud  Streets,  Sundays,  7:00  a.m.  and  10:00  a.m.; 
Central  Presbyterian,  Mendez  Vigo  and  Barcelona  Streets,  Sun- 
days, 11:00  a.m. 

Mission  Churches:  Ejnscojml,  Laberinto  and  Salud  Streets; 
La  Marina  Mission  (Presbyterian),  La  Marina  Street;  Central 
Presbyterian  Mission,  Settlement  and  Medical  Mission,  Mendez 
Vigo  and  Barcelona  Streets. 

Institutions:  (Presbyterian)  La  Marina  School,  La  Marina 
Street;  Theological  Training  School,  Mendez  Vigo  No.  67;  Rye 
Hospital,  Barcelona  Street;  Day  Nursery,  Concordia  Street,  La 
Marina;  Episcoj)al  School,  Salud. 

AGUADILLA  This  is  the  historic  place  where  Columbus  is 
supposed  to  have  first  landed.  A large  Presbyterian  Church, 
near  the  Plaza,  is  the  center  of  a large  district.  In  the  Playa, 
The  Pueblo  Neuvo  School,  day  and  industrial,  is  maintained. 
BAYAMON  The  Lutherans  and  Disciples  of  Christ  divide  the 
work  of  this  important  commercial  center,  the  former  being 
located  at  the  corner  of  Marti,  Maceo  and  Monserate  Streets, 
and  the  latter  on  Porto  Rico  Street.  In  addition  to  evangelistic 
work,  the  Disciples  of  Christ  maintain  an  orphanage  for  both 
boys  and  girls  near  the  city  on  the  Corozal  Road. 

VENEZUELA 

CARACAS  The  Church  of  the  Redeemer,  24  West  Second 
Street,  is  a Mission  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  which  has  been 
at  work  here  since  1897.  In  addition  to  the  missionaries,  there 
are  two  native  workers.  There  is  a good  attendance  at  the 
services  although  numerous  adherents  have  not  yet  professed 
their  faith.  A high  'school  for  girls  is  taught  mostly  by  natives 
who  have  studied  in  the  Mission  Schools;  industrial  work  is 
a feature;  the  embroidery  and  lace  made  in  this  school  are  very 
fine  and  can  be  obtained  at  the  Mission  House.  (Directions 
for  guides  and  carriage  drivers.  No.  24  Padre  Sierra  y Munoz.) 
The  Christian  Missionary  Alliance  has  a temporary  hall 


VENEZUELA 


37 


at  Cuartel  Viejo 
(corner)  and  a 
Chapel  with  Bap- 
tistry in  the  sub- 
urbs. They  have 
also  a Day  School 
for  girls  and  boys. 
I N S T I TUTIONS  : 
Colegio  Ameri- 
cano, for  girls 
and  young  wom- 
en, Pedrera  a 
la  Gorda.  This 
is  a High  School 
where  tuition  is 
paid  by  pupils ; 
it  was  estab- 
lished in  1899  and 
has  done  efficient 
work.  At  ''He- 


THEOLOGICAL  STUDENTS  AT  CARACAS 


bron”,  in  the 
mountains,  is  a 
school  for  train- 
ing young  men 
for  colporteur 
work.  The  school  has  land  for  cultivation  and  the  pupils  are 
taught  practical  gardening  for  a part  of  their  support.  This 
school  employs  one  missionary,  one  farmer  (English),  one 
workman  and  the  students.  It  is  accessible  by  rail  but  requires 
from  Caracas  nearly  a day  to  go  and  return.  A Depository 
of  the  American  Bible  Society  is  located  at  Cuartel  Viejo 
(corner) . 


MARACAIBO  The  Scandinavian  Mission  has  six  missionaries, 
three  in  Maracaibo  and  three  at  Rubio.  There  is  a press  pub- 
lishing ^‘La  Estrella’’  (Morning  Star).  The  Plymouth  Breth- 
ren hold  services  in  a private  dwelling. 


38 


BRAZIL 


BRAZIL 

In  this  country,  which  occupies  one-half  of  the  continent, 
the  oldest  form  of  permanent  Protestant  work  is  the  Church 
of  England,  which  dates  back  to  1810.  Lutheran  Church  wor- 
ship was  introduced  with  the  coming  of  the  first  German  col- 
onists in  the  period  of  1820-25;  Lutherans  are  numerous  in 
the  southern  states. 

The  present  form  of  Protestant  work  in  the  Portuguese 
language  dates  from  the  year  1858.  In  all  there  are  about 
250  foreign  and  375  native  workers  engaged  in  various  forms 
of  Evangelical  effort.  The  most  prominent  and  successful 
methods  of  work  are  the  regular  preaching  of  the  Gospel,  the 
circulation  of  the  Scriptures  and  other  religious  literature,  and 
primary  and  secondary  schools.  There  is  now  some  form  of 
Protestant  work  carried  on  in  each  of  the  twenty  states  and  in 
the  Federal  District,  though  the  forces  are  by  no  means  ade- 
quate to  the  demands  and  there  are  millions  yet  untouched  by 
Christian  influences.  The  native  Indian  population,  scattered 
through  the  great  interior  of  the  country,  affords  a large,  open 
field  for  missionary  cultivation;  up  to  the  present,  no  Protestant 
work  of  a permanent  nature  has  been  done  there.  In  many 
towns  which  travelers  do  not  ordinarily  visit  there  are  impor- 
tant missionary  institutions,  as,  for  instance:  the  Evangelical 
College  (Presbyterian),  at  Lavras,  and  Granbery  College,  the 
Girls  School  and  the  Publishing  House  (all  Methodist),  at  Juiz 
de  Fora,  and  others. 

PARA  The  missionaries  at  Para  and  Manaos  have  at  times 
held  services  in  English  for  foreign  residents  but  climatic  and 
other  conditions  have  not  been  conducive  to  the  permanent 
residence  of  Anglo-Saxons. 

Services  in  English:  Church  of  England,  Nazareth,  Sundays, 
10:00  a.m.  and  8:00  p.m. 

Churches:  Baptist,  Sao  Jeronymo;  Methodist,  Sao  Jeronymo,  219. 

PERNAMBUCO  The  missionaries  have  occasional  services  in 
English  in  their  halls  and  private  houses. 


BRAZIL 


39 


GIVING  STREET  CHILDREN  A CHANCE 

Services  in  English:  Church  of  England,  Formosa,  Sundays, 
10:45  a.m.  and  8:30  p.m. 

Churches:  Presbyterian,  near  Center  of  City;  Baptist,  Rua 
Formosa  21;  Congregational  or  Independent,  Rua  Nova. 
Institutions:  Baptist  School,  Rua  Viscande  de  Gayanna,  96; 
Presbyterian  School,  near  Y.  M.  C.  A.;  Young  Men’s  Christian 
Association,  Rua  Aurora  No.  65. 

BAHIA  The  Southern  Baptists  and  Northern  Presbyterians 
opened  'work  in  Bahia  about  1880;  each  denomination  engages 
in  evangelistic,  educational  and  colportage  work;  each  ha’s  a 
central  church  in  the  city  with  its  branches  in  different  sub- 
urbs. The  missionaries  have  occasional  services  in  English. 
Services  in  English:  St.  George’s  Episcopal  Church,  Campo 
Grande,  Sundays,  10:30  a.m.  and  8:30  p.m. 

Churches:  Baptist  {South),  Rua  do  Collegio  32;  Presbyterian 
{North),  Rua  da  Federacao. 

Institutions:  Baptist  School,  Rua  Collegio  32. 


40 


BRAZIL 


RIO  DE  JANEIRO  In  this  beautiful  and  progressive  city 
with  its  million  inhabitants  and  'splendid  harbor,  the  oldest 
Protestant  Church,  is  the  Church  of  England,  founded  under 


special  treaty  of  1810; 
' ' A work  is  exclusively 
3ng  English-speak- 
people.  An  Inde- 
ident  or  Congrega- 
lal  movement  for 
"k  among  Brazilians 
3 started  about 
5;  the  Presbyterians 
orth)  followed  soon 
er;  the  Methodists 
V IN  orth)  in  1879;  the 
Baptists  (South)  in 
1882  and  recently  the 


A BOULEVARD  IN  RIO 


Episcopal  Church  has  opened  two  stations  in  the  city.  Evan- 
gelistic, educational  and  literary  work  has  been  developed  and 
extends  to  all  of  the  neighboring  towns,  districts  and  various 
States.  The  German  Lutheran  Church  was  built  in  1844-45.  The 
Young  Men’s  Christian  Association  was  begun  in  1893  and  ha's 
been  one  of  the  most  successful  features  of  Protestant  work. 

Services  IN  English:  Union  Congregation  in  Methodist  Churchy 
Praca  Jose  de  Alencar,  4,  Sundays,  10:00  a.m.  and  8:30  p.m., 
Sunday  School,  11:00  a.m.;  Church  of  England,  Rua  Evarista 
Veiga,  Sundays,  11:00  a.m.;  Seamen’s  Mission,  Rua  Livra- 
mento  233,  Sundays,  5:00  p.m. 

Services  in  German  : Lutheran  Church,  Rua  dos  Invalidas 
No.  119,  Sundays,  11:00  a.m. 

Churches:  Baptist,  Rua  Santa  Anna  26;  Congregational, 
Flumineuse,  Rua  Camerino  102  and  Nictheroy,  Praia  309; 
Episcopal,  Rua  Haddock  Lobo  45;  Methodist,  Praca  Jose  Alien- 
car  4;  Presbyterian,  Rua  Silva  Jordim  23;  Independent  Pres- 
byterian, Rua  do  Senado;  Seamen’s  Mission,  Rua  Livra- 
mento  233. 


BRAZIL 


41 


Educational  Institutions:  American  School  {Methodist 
South),  Rua  Marquez  de  Abrantes  152;  Baptist  College,  Rua 
Jose  Hygino  332;  People’s  Central  Institute,  Rua  Livra- 
mento  233;  German  School,  Rua  do  Senado  249. 

Other  Institutions:  American  Bible  Society,  Rua  Quitanda 
47;  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society,  Rua  do  Auvidor;  Evan- 
gelical Hospital,  Rua  Bom  Pastor  83;  Strangers  Hospital,  Rua 
Passagem  210;  Young  Men’s  Christian  Association,  Rua  da 
Quitanda  47. 


CHURCH  AT  RIO  GRANDE  DU  SUL 

PETROPOLIS  There  is  a prosperous  Methodist  Church  and 
a school  for  girls.  The  Lutheran  Church  maintains  work  for 
Germans  and  the  clergymen  of  the  Union  and  English  churches 
of  Rio  de  Janeiro  hold  occasional  services,  especially  in  summer. 
Services  in  English  : Methodist  Church,  Rua  Marechal  Deo- 
doro  68,  Sundays  4:00  p.m. 

Churches:  Methodist  {South),  Rua  Marechal  Deodoro  68. 
Institutions:  American  College,  Avenida  Itaborahy  188. 


42 


BRAZIL 


SAO  PAULO  Protestant  Mission  work  in  this  city  of  more 
than  400,000  inhabitants  was  begun  in  1863  by  the  Presby- 
terians; the  Methodists,  Baptists  and  Independent  bodies  fol- 
lowed. Self-supporting  churches  under  native  pastors  are  be- 
coming active  and  liberal  in  spreading  the  Gospel  and  estab- 
lishing new  work  in  many  places.  The  American  School  and 
Mackenzie  College  (Presbyterian)  constitute  the  largest  Prot- 
estant educational  plant  in  Brazil;  the  college  is  the  largest 
institution  of  its  grade  in  Latin- America.  The  Young  Men’s 
Christian  Association  and  other  features  of  the  Protestant 
movement  are  likewise  meeting  with  marked  success. 

Services  in  English:  Church  of  England,  Rua  Conto  de 
Magolhaes  19,  Sundays,  10:00  a.m.  and  7:00  p.m. ; Methodist 
Church,  Lorgo  Sete  de  Setembro  8,  first  Sunday  of  month, 
4:00  p.m. 

Services  in  German:  Lutheran  Church,  near  English  Church, 
Sundays,  11:00  a.m. 

Churches:  Baptist,  Travessa  Sao  Joao  2;  Evangelical  (S.  A. 
Evangelical  Union),  Rua  Liberdale  25;  Methodist,  Lorgo  Sete 
de  Setembro  8;  Presbyterian  (Synodal),  Alemeidos  dos  Bom- 
bus  4;  Independent  Presbyterian,  Rua  Vinte  e Quartro  da  Mair. 
Institutions:  American  School,  Rua  Sao  Joao;  Mackenzie  Col- 
lege, Rua  Dona  Maria  Antonia  79;  Baptist  School,  Progresso, 
Alemeida  Barao  Rio  Bronco  7 ; Presbyterian  Seminary  (Inde- 
pendent), Rua  Vinte  e Quartro  de  Maco;  Young  Men's  Chris- 
tian Association,  Libero  Bodoro  15;  Samaritan  Hospital,  Hygien- 
opolis;  Protestant  Orjohanage,  Libero  Bodoro  15. 

SANTOS  The  work  for  seamen  in  connection  with  the  Church 
of  England  has  been  the  most  continuous  and  successful  of 
any  such  undertaking  in  Brazil. 

Services  in  English:  Church  of  England,  Bros.  Cubos  Hall, 
Hotel,  Sundays,  9:30  a.m.  and  8:00  p.m.;  Seamen's  Mission, 
Praca  Telles  3. 

Churches:  Evangelical  Episcopal,  Rua  Senador  Feijo  235; 
Seamen's  Mission,  Praca  Telles  3. 


URUGUAY 


43 


URUGUAY 

Protestant  Mission  work  in  Spanish  in  this  little  ^‘^Buffer 
State'’  was  begun  in  Montevideo  in  1868  by  the  Methodists; 
their  movement  has  grown  into  six  active  congregations  within 
the  city  with  influential  schools  for  boys  and  girls  and  a theo- 
logical ’seminary,  while  in  the  interior  stations  are  maintained 
in  Durazno,  Trinidad,  El  Salto  and  other  centers  whence  lines 
of  service  extend  throughout  the  Republic.  The  Church  of 
England  early  began  ministering  to  the  many  English-speak- 
ing residents.  The  flourishing  Italian  colonies  of  southern  Uru- 
guay maintain  an  active  Waldensian  communion  in  a number 
of  congregations.  The  German  and  Swiss  colonists  have  organ- 
ized various  groups  for  worship,  the  chief  one  being  the 
Lutheran  Church  in  the  capital. 

MONTEVIDEO  This  capital  of  large  population  is  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  cities  in  the  western  hemisphere;  a score 

of  steamship  lines 
connect  her  with  other 
countries  and  with 
all  continents  and  she 
has  readily  responded 
to  the  impetus  of  ad- 
vancing material  civ- 
ilization. Nor  is  she 
unmindful  of  her 
'spiritual  welfare,  as 
is  evident  from  the 
many  forms  in  which 
religious  activity  is 
expressed  throughout 
the  city. 

Services  in  English  : Holy  Trinity ^ Church  of  England,  near 
the  Sea,  Sundays,  10:30  a.m.  and  8:30  p.m.;  Methodist,  Calle 
Medanos  1310,  Sundays,  11:00  a.m.,  Wednesdays,  8:00  p.m. 
Services  in  German:  Lutheran  Church. 


BUSINESS  MEN,  MONTEVIDEO  Y.  M.  C.  A. 


44 


PA  RA  G UA  Y—ARGEN  TINA 


Churches:  Central  Methodist  Church,  the  finest  Protestant 
Church  edifice  in  South  America;  Baptist  Church, 
Institutions:  North  America  Academy;  Crandon  Institute; 
Theological  Seminary ; Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  Calle 
18  de  Julio,  968. 

PARAGUAY 

ASUNCION  Asuncion  was  the  first  permanent  Spanish  'settle- 
ment in  eastern  South  America.  The  terrible  tyranny  and 
atrocious  cruelties  under  the  younger  Lopez  half  a century  ago 
finally  recoiled  into  peace  and  an  open  door.  The  Paraguayans 
then  sent  an  invitation  to  the  Methodist  Mission  in  Buenos 
Aires,  offering  them  the  use  of  valuable  property  in  the  cap- 
ital. Work  was  formally  inaugurated  in  1886  and  has  suc- 
cessfully continued  without  interruption.  The  power  of  the 
new  moral  impulse  is  very  evident;  churches,  'schools  and  lit- 
erature are  the  methods  employed.  The  South  American  Mis- 
sionary Society  of  England  is  doing  remarkably  heroic  and 
satisfactory  work  among  the  Chaco  Indians  of  the  interior, 
once  so  absolutely  lawless  and  bloodthirsty. 

Services  in  English:  St.  Andrews,  Sapucahy,  Sundays,  9:00 
a.m.  and  8:30  p.m. 

Services  in  German:  Lutheran,  German  Consulate. 

The  Methodist  Church,  the  Boys’  School  and  the  Girls’ 
School  deserve  a visit. 

ARGENTINA 

This  land  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  in  the  world.  It 
has  an  area  more  than  one-third  as  large  as  the  United  States 
with  a population  less  than  that  of  Pennsylvania;  it  is  the 
largest  meat  exporting  country  and  may  soon  lead  the  world 
in  the  export  of  cereals;  much  of  this  wealth  goes  to  pay  inter- 
est on  European  capital  invested  there.  The  climate  is  favor- 
able to  European  enterprise  and  hundreds  of  thousands  of 
foreigners  arrive  annually,  mainly  from  the  Mediterranean 
countries. 

Protestant  work  in  English  and  among  German  and  Swiss 


ARGENTINA 


45 


colonist's  dates  back  to  1820,  but  Spanish  work  was  not  begun 
until  1867,  when  the  Methodists  responded  to  the  frequently 
expressed  request  for  the  preaching  of  the  Gospel  in  the  Span- 
ish language.  Long  and  thorough  colportage  by  the  Bible 
Societies  had  prepared  the  way  for  this  constructive  effort, 
which  is  now  such  a vigorous  movement  for  righteousness,  sup- 
ported by  missionaries  of  various  denominations  in  the  lead- 
ing centers  as  well  as  in  the  less  populous  districts;  the  suc- 
cess of  the  mission  in  far  distant  Cape  Horn  was  said  by 
Darwin  to  be  an  adequate  answer  to  his  skepticism  regarding 
the  possibilities  of  the  degraded  race  of  that  desolate  region. 
Protestantism  is  responding,  though  all  too  feebly,  to  the  mute 
appeal  of  need  and  the  audible  call  of  desire  and  is  planting 
deep  down  roots  of  perennial  vitality  which  will  produce  fruits 
of  deathless  beauty  and  power  in  the  lives  of  men. 

BUENOS  AIRES  This  is  the  largest  city  south  of  the  equator, 
a city  as  large  as  Boston,  Baltimore  and  Denver  combined.  It 
has  all  the  problems  of  a great,  cosmopolitan  city, — materialism, 

irreligion,  immorality, 
ignorance,  poverty, 
crime,  industrial  un- 
rest; but  to  counter- 
act this  downward 
pull  there  is  lacking 
the  amount  of  ap- 
plied, uplift  power 
that  we  find  in  our 
home  cities ; Phila- 
delphia is  no  larger 
than  Buenos  Aires, 
yet  it  has  as  many 
Catholic  Churches 
and  fifty  times  as 
many  Protestant  Churches!  Nevertheless,  the  dozen  churches 
in  Buenos  Aires  are  engaged  in  vigorous  and  growing  under- 
takings. 


PLAZA  MAYO,  BUENOS  AIRES 


46 


ARGENTINA 


There  is  important  work  also  for  seamen.  The  circula- 
tion of  the  Scriptures,  schools,  and  the  distribution  of  litera- 
ture have  developed  along  with  the  preaching  of  the  Gospel. 
A notable  feature  of  mission  work  in  the  city  are  the  Evan- 
gelical Schools  and  Spanish  services  established  under  the  pat- 
ronage of  the  South  American  Missionary  Society.  The  Young 
Men’s  Christian  Association  and  the  Young  Women’s  Christian 
Association  are  taking  strong  hold.  The  Scotch  Presbyterian 


STATESMEN  AND  STUDENTS  AT  A CHRISTIAN  CONFERENCE 

Church  conducts  an  extensive,  self-supporting  work  from  a 
splendid  plant  and  is  said  to  have  the  largest  Sunday  School 
in  South  America. 

Services  in  English:  Church  of  England,  St.  John’s  Pro- 
Cathedral,  25  de  Mayo  286,  Sundays,  10:15  a.m.  and  8:00  p.m. ; St. 
Pauls  (Palermo),  Charcas  4670,  Sundays,  10:30  a.m.  and  8:00 


ARGENTINA 


47 


p.m.;  St.  Saviours  (Belgrano),  Cramer  and  Pampa,  Sundays, 
10:30  a.m.  and  8:30  p.m.;  Holy  Trinity  (Lomas),  Sundays, 
10:30  a.m.  and  8:30  p.m.;  Methodist,  Calle  Corrientes  718, 
Sundays,  11:00  a.m.  and  8:00  p.m.;  Scotch  Presbyterian,  Calle 
Peru  352,  Sundays,  10:30  a.m.  and  8:00  p.m. 

Churches:  Baptist,  Calle  Estados  Unidos  1273;  Brethren,  In- 
formation may  be  obtained  at  Casilla  Correo  5 and  Boulevard 
Guzman  139;  Disciples  of  Christ,  Calle  Cramer  2654,  Belgrano; 
Episcopal  (Palermo),  Charcas  4670;  Hunin  (Methodist),  Calle 
Hunin  976;  Maldonado  Mission  Hall,  Nicaragua  1640;  Salvation 
Army,  Victoria  452. 

Educational  Institutions:  Evangelical  Schools,  Calle  Uri- 
arte  2572;  Sarmento  Institute,  Ward  Institute,  Evangelical 
School  of  Vinado  Puerto,  Rividavia  Liceum.  (Information  re- 
garding these  last  four  may  be  obtained  at  Calle  Hunin  976.) 

Other  Institutions:  American  Bible  Society;  British  and 
Foreign  Bible  Society;  Nicholas  Lowe  Institute,  Mercedes;  Meth- 
odist Publishing  House,  Calle  Hunin  976;  SeamaNs  Institute,  25 
de  Mayo  286;  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  Paseo  Colon 
161;  Young  Women's  Christian  Association,  Calle  San  Mar- 
tin 243. 

ROSARIO  Services  in  English:  St.  Bartholomew's,  Church 
of  England,  Paraguay  490,  Sundays,  10:15  a.m.  and  8:45  p.m.; 
Methodist,  Boulevard  Orono  esquima  a Salta,  Sundays,  11:00 
a.m.  and  8:00  p.m. 

Services  in  German:  Lutheran,  Bulevar  Orono  645,  Sundays, 
11:00  a.m. 

Churches:  Baptist,  Calle  La  Plata;  Methodist,  Calle  Laprida. 
Educational  Institutions:  American  College,  No.  1 Rosario. 

LA  PLATA  Services  in  English:  Methodist,  Calle  4 No.  422. 
Churches:  Baptist,  Calle  58  No.  768;  Methodist  Calle  4 
No.  422. 


48 


CHILE 


CHILE 

Protestant  work  was  begun  in  Chile  about  1845  upon  the 
arrival  of  the  Rev.  David  Trumbull.  Because  of  the  strict 
laws  and  customs  of  the  country  it  was  necessary  to  hold  ser- 
vices in  a private  room  with  closed 
doors.  In  1860  the  first  Protestant 
school  with  but  eight  girls  was  es- 
tablished in  Valparaiso  by  Mrs. 
Trumbull.  In  1875  a school  was 
started  in  Copiapo  in  the  north, 
which  finally  grew  into  the  Pres- 
byterian ^‘Institute  Ingles”,  now  in 
Santiago  and  the  largest  Protestant 
school  on  the  coast.  In  1880  there 
were  some  seventy-five  children  in 
Protestant  schools;  to-day  there  are 
nearly  two  thousand  and  the  num- 
ber is  limited,  in  some  cases,  only 
by  the  lack  of  accommodations. 
There  are  at  least  ten  thousand  men 
and  women  enrolled  as  Protestant 
believers  who  contribute  liberally  to 
religious  work  and  thousands  are  being  educated  in  the  Sunday 
School's.  Through  the  efforts  of  missionaries,  the  Civil  Mar- 
riage Law  was  passed,  as  was  also  the  Civil  Cemetery  Law. 
There  are  several  papers,  chief  among  them  ‘‘El  Heraldo  Evan- 
gelico”  of  the  Presbyterian  Mission,  “El  Cristiano”,  of  the 
Methodist  Mission — these  are  ably  edited  and  exercise  a strong 
influence  along  the  coast. 

PUNTA  ARENAS  The  South  America  Missionary  Society 
ministers  to  the  English-speaking  community,  conducting  Ser- 
vices in  English^  while  the  Methodist  Church  maintains  a 
Spanish  work. 

TEMUCO  Services  in  English:  10:30  a.m.  Sundays  in  the 
Mission  of  the  South  America  Missionary  Society  near  the 
English  School.  The  Methodist  Church  holds  services  in  Span- 


LITTLE  INDIANS 


CHILE 


49 


ish  in  two  churches  every  Sunday  evening;  Sunday  School  is 
at  1:00  p.m.  There  is  an  English  Hospital  in  the  city. 
CONCEPCION  The  Presbyterians  and  Seventh  Day  Adven- 
tists conduct  services  in  Spanish  and  the  Lutherans  in  Ger- 
man. The  Salvation  Army  has  a post. 


TOMB  OF  O'HIGGINS — A LIBERATOR  OF  CHILE 


Services  in  English  : Anglican  Church,  Calle  O^Higgins,  be- 
tween Serrano  and  Hipolito  Salas,  Sundays,  10:45  a.m.;  Metho- 
dist Church,  Calle  Rengo,  corner  of  Ave.  Manuel  Rodriguez, 
Sundays,  10:45  a.m.;  Colegio  Americano,  Calle  Rengo  at  Avenue 
Manuel  Rodriguez,  Sundays,  11:00  a.m. 

Churches:  Methodist,  corner  Castellon  and  Carrera;  Presby- 
terian, with  Manse,  corner  Rengo  and  Las  Heras. 
Institutions:  Concepcion  College,  school  for  girls,  with  eight 
American  teachers  and  excellent  departments  in  Music  and 
Art,  Calle  Caupolican  No.  265, — one  square  from  Central 
Plaza;  Colegio  Americano,  school  for  boys,  with  nine  American 
teachers,  corner  Calle  Rengo  and  Manuel  Rodriguez. 


50 


CHILE 


VALPARAISO  Protestant  work  is  carried  on  among  the 
Chilean  people  by  the  Presbyterian  and  Methodist  Missions. 
There  are  also  two  large  English  churches,  a German  church 
and  a number  of  smaller  organizations.  ^^The  Sailors’  Home” 
and  ^‘Seamen’s  Institute”  look  out  for  the  men  who  go  down 
to  the  sea  in  ships,  and  the  Salvation  Army  does  work.  Val- 
paraiso is  practically  a foreign  city  and  the  influence  of  Europe 
is  strong;  the  commerce  is  largely  British  and  German;  there 
are  comparatively  few  Americans  in  the  city. 

Services  in  English  : The  Union  Church,  on  Calle  Condell, 
affiliated  with  the  Free  Church  of  Scotland,  is  the  center  of 
worship  for  all  Anglo-American  Protestants  not  Anglican.  The 
majority  of  the  members  and  attendants  of  this  church  are 
Scotch.  Services,  Sundays,  at  11:00  a.m.  and  8:15  p.m.  There 
is  also  a mid-week  service  and  a Christian  Endeavor  meeting; 
St.  PauVs  Church  (Anglican),  is  located  on  English  Hill;  'ser- 
vices, 10:30  a.m.  and  8:00  p.m.  on  Sundays;  St.  Peter's  Church, 
Vina  del  Mar,  services,  Sundays  at  10:30  a.m.  and  6:30  p.m. 
Services  in  German:  Lutheran  Church. 

Churches:  Presbyterian,  Calle  San  Martin  115,  is  the  center 
of  a flourishing  work  that  has  Sunday  Schools  and  chapels  in 
many  parts  of  the  city;  the  missionary  in  charge  may  be 
found  at  the  church;  there  is  also  a Chilean  pastor  and  assist- 
ants. Methodist,  Calle  Olivar,  near  Victoria,  large  and  modern 
building  which  is  the  center  of  the  work  of  that  denomination. 

Institutions:  The  ''Escuela  Popular"  (Presbyterian),  receives, 
at  a low  fee,  the  children  of  the  working  class,  Avenida  Yungai 
48;  British  and  Foreign  Bible  Society,  Depository  may  be  easily 
found;  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  Calle  Blanco  655, 
commodious  and  comfortable  building,  large  gymnasium,  bowl- 
ing alleys  and  night  classes;  tea  is  served  daily  for  business 
men;  Anglo-American  Hospital,  under  the  care  of  a Committee 
from  the  Colony,  does  a splendid  work  for  the  English-speak- 
ing folk  all  along  the  coast;  ''Sheltering  Home",  Callejon  Des- 
canso  369,  an  orphan  asylum  with  a Board  of  Directors  from 
the  Colony,  educates  children,  preferably  Anglo-Saxons. 


CHILE 


51 


SANTIAGO  The  Presbyterian  and  Methodist  Missions  each 
have  a number  of  well-organized  churches  and  a good  school. 

Work  in  English  is 
carried  on  by  the 
Union  Church,  of  all 
denominations,  and 
St.  Andrew’s  Church, 
the  center  of  Angli- 
can work.  The  Sal- 
vation Army  has  work 
and  the  Christian  Al- 
liance has  a chapel. 
A joint  Theological 
Seminary  of  the  Meth- 
odist and  Presbyterian 
Mission  is  training  a 
native  ministry. 

Services  in  English:  Union  Church,  Calle  Nataniel  No.  90, 
Sundays,  10:45  a.m.;  St.  Andrew's  Church  (Anglican),  Calle 
Santo  Domingo,  No.  639,  Sundays,  10:45  a.m. 

Services  in  German:  Lutheran  Church,  Calle  Santo  Domingo. 

Churches:  Church  of  the  Most  Holy  Trinity,  Presbyterian, 
Avenida  del  Brazil  No.  753;  Church  of  the  Redeemer,  Avenida 
Matta,  corner  San  Francisco;  First  Methodist  Church,  Avenida 
Portales,  corner  of  Cueto.  Sunday  School  is  generally  held  in 
these  churches  at  10:00  a.m.  and  evening  service  at  7:30.  All 
services  are  in  Spanish. 

Institutions:  ''El  Institute  Ingles",  founded  in  1877,  Pres- 
byterian Boarding  School  for  Boys,  at  3076  Calle  Augustinas, 
is  one  of  the  best  known  institutions  in  South  America, 
students  coming  from  several  republics.  Instruction  is  in 
English.  Many  of  its  graduates  enter  universities  in  Europe 
and  the  United  States  for  advanced  study.  Very  similar  to  it 
is  the  "Santiago  College"  for  girls  of  the  Methodist  Mission 
at  Calle  Agustinas  No.  2050.  It  gives  a good  education  in  the 
usual  High  School  branches  and  in  Domestic  Science.  The 


A NEWSPAPER  BUILDING 


52 


CHILE— BOLIVIA 


German  Mission  also  maintains  a school.  The  ‘‘Modern  Print 
Shop”,  under  the  direction  of  the  Methodist  Mission,  is  in  the 
same  block  with  the  Santiago  College.  The  American  Bible 
Society  and  the  British  Foreign  Bible  Society  have  each  a De- 
pository in  Santiago,  which  may  be  found  upon  inquiry. 
ANTOFAGASTA  At  this  important  commercial  port,  the 
Methodists  have  an  interesting  work  in  Spanish,  with  occasional 
Services  in  English. 

IQUIQUE  Evangelical  and  educational  work  is  carried  on 
by  the  Methodists.  “The  American  College”  admits  both  boys 
and  girls.  Services  in  English  are  held  in  the  college  building. 
The  location  of  the  Spanish  Mission  may  be  learned  upon 
inquiry. 

BOLIVIA 

In  1879  a Colporteur  of  the  American  Bible  Society  visited 
Bolivia  and  began  Evangelical 
propaganda,  but  after  a few 
days  in  the  country  he  was  as- 
sassinated. Not  until  1898  did 
the  first  resident  American  mis- 
sionary arrive,  a Canadian  Bap- 
tist going  to  Oruro;  the  early 
missionaries  worked  under  many 
difficulties  because  religious  free- 
dom was  not  granted  until  1904. 
In  1906  the  Rev.  Francis  H.  Har- 
rington was  sent  by  the  Metho- 
dist Church  to  begin  work  in  La 
Paz.  He  established  religious 
services  and  founded  the  Ameri- 
can Institute  in  1907.  In  1912  an 
American  School  was  opened  in 
Cochabamba. 

In  addition  to  the  work  of 
the  large  cities  there  are  two 
Missions  devoting  their  services  to  the  evangelizing  of  the  Indians. 
The  Bolivian  Indian  Mission,  with  its  headquarters  in  San 


BOLIVIA 


53 


Pedro  de  Buena  Vista,  has  a band  of  fourteen  workers.  It  is 
an  interdenominational  Mission,  deriving  its  support  from  Eng- 
land, Australia  and  New  Zealand.  The  Peniel  Hall  Mission  has 
an  agricultural  school  and  medical  work  on  the  shores  of  Lake 
Titicaca. 

Mission  work  in  Bolivia  is  very  poorly  equipped  and  under- 
manned. There  is  a tremendous  need  for  its  enlargement. 
SUCRE  The  Plymouth  Brethren  have  a Spanish  Mission,  with 
an  occasional  service  in  English. 

ORURO  The  Canadian  Baptists  conduct  a Night  School  for 
Indians  and  many  regular  weekly  services  in  Spanish  at  their 
Mission  on  Calle  Washington,  Altras  del  Palacio  (behind  the 
palace),  the  principal  ones  being  at  7:30  p.m.  on  Sundays  and 
Wednesdays.  They  maintain  a printing  press. 

Services  in  English:  Mission  Hall,  Calle  Washington,  behind 
the  palace,  first  and  third  Sundays  of  each  month  at  3:00  p.m. 
COCHABAMBA  Services  in  English:  Methodist  Mission, 
Lanza  No.  19,  Sundays,  10:30  a.m. 

Churches:  Canadian  Baptist,  Calle  Teatro  No.  26;  Methodist, 
Calle  Lanza  No.  19. 

Institutions:  Cochabamba  Institute,  Plaza  Colon. 

LA  PAZ  The  Canadian  Baptists  have  a Spanish  Mission  with 
a free  night  school  for  Indians  and  an  afternoon  kindergarten. 
The  Methodist  Church  has  three  Sunday  Schools,  a central 
preaching  place  and  a free  night  school  for  Indians.  The 
Seventh  Day  Adventists  have  a small  Spanish  Mission. 
Services  in  English:  Methodist  Mission  Hall,  The  Prado  No. 
9,  opposite  the  American  Legation,  Sundays,  10:30  a.m.;  The 
American  Institute,  Avenida  seis  de  Agosta,  prayer  meeting, 
Thursdays,  7:00  p.m. 

Churches:  Canadian  Baptist,  Calle  Recreo,  opposite  ^^Sag- 
rados  Corazones^'  College;  Methodist,  The  Prado  No.  9.  Each 
of  these  conduct  services  in  Spanish  every  Sunday,  Wednesday 
and  Friday  at  8:00  p.m. 

Institution:  The  American  Institute  (Methodist),  25  de  Mayo, 
near  Military  College. 


54 


PERU 


PERU 

Peru  is  one  of  the  few  countries  of  the  earth  which  have 
not  yet  granted  religious  liberty.  No  evangelical  services  are 
permitted  in  public,  but  must  be  held  in  private  buildings,  with 
doors  closed  or  screened,  and  no  public  notices  can  be  given. 
No  Protestant  building  can  assume  the  appearance  of  a church, 
but  must  appear  like  an  ordinary  house.  There  is  an  entire 
toleration  of  Protestant  work  in  Lima  and  Callao,  but  not  in 


THE  THRONE  OF  THE  INCAS 


the  provincial  towns.  Bible  circulation  by  both  the  British  and 
the  American  Bible  Societies  is  doing  much  to  break  down 
prejudice  and  prepare  the  soil  for  evangelistic  work.  There 
are  some  well-established  educational  institutions,  especially  the 
Anglo-American  Schools  at  Lima  and  Callao,  which  are  under 
Methodist  auspices.  Active  mission  work  among  the  native 
population  began  only  in  1891.  The  Methodist  Church  was 


PERU 


55 


the  first  to  enter  the  field,  followed  by  the  British  Evangelical 
Union  of  South  America.  Seventh  Day  Adventists  and  the  Sal- 
vation Army  also  maintain  work. 

On  the  whole,  Peru  is  woefully  neglected  by  the  Evangeli- 
cal Churches. 

LIMA  Services  in  English  at  the  Anglican  Churchy  Calle 
Pacae  228,  every  Sunday  at  10:00  a.m.  and  on  alternate  Sun- 
days at  8:30  p.m. 

Services  in  German:  Lutheran  Church. 

Churches:  Evangelical  Uniony  Calle  Negreiros  78;  Methodisty 
Plazuela  de  San  Agustin  204;  Seventh  Day  Adventists  Mission; 
Salvation  Army. 

Institutions:  High  School  for  Girls  (Methodist),  Calle  San 
Francisco  350;  Victoria  Elementary  School  (Methodist),  Avenida 
Juan  Castilla  899;  Colegio  Diego  Thomson  (Evangelical  Union), 
Calle  Chirimoya  967 ; The  Evangelical  Union  Mission  Press 
(The  Inca  Press),  Calle  San  Cristobal  del  Tren  165. 
CALLAO  English  Services:  Anglo-American  Church  (Meth- 
odist), Calle  Teatro  24,  Sundays,  9:30  a.m.,  10:30  a.m.;  Wed- 
nesdays, 8:00  p.m.;  Church  of  England,  Sundays,  6:15  p.m. 
Services  in  German:  Lutheran  Church. 

Churches:  Methodist,  Calle  Calon  214;  Salvation  Army,  Calle 
Independencia  49. 

Institutions:  Anglo-American  Schools  (Methodist),  High 
School  Department,  Calle  Teatro  26,  Elementary  Department, 
Calle  Calon  212. 

CERRO  DE  PASCO  Work  is  carried  on  in  Spanish  by  the 
Methodist  Church,  Calle  Dos  de  Mayo  28,  with  an  occasional 
service  in  English  for  the  mining  employees.  The  Colegio 
Americano  is  in  the  same  building. 

AREQUIPA  The  Evangelical  Union  of  South  America  main- 
tains a Mission  at  Calle  Guanamarca  18. 

CUZCO  Evangelical  work  is  carried  on  here  only  in  the 
Spanish  tongue  and  by  the  Evangelical  Union  of  South  America. 
The  Mission  headquarters  are  in  a well-known  house  called 
‘‘Monjaspata^^  at  Calle  Heladeros  17. 


56 


ECUADOR 


ECUADOR 


WATER  CARRIER 


action  compelled 
them  to  give  up 
the  work, — some  of  their  experiences  at  that  time  being 
most  thrilling.  Now  there  seems  to  be  a new  turn  toward 


This  is  one  of  the  most  neglected  fields  in  the  world.  The 
Christian  and  Missionary  Alliance  and  the  Gospel  Union  have 

halls  in  Guayaquil 
and  Quito  where 
they  carry  on  evan- 
gelistic services  and 
distribute  B i b le  s 
and  tracts.  There 
IS,  however,  no  well- 
equipped  mission 
station  among  the 
whole  four  mil- 
lions of  people, 
and  hardly  half  a 
dozen  missionaries 
who  speak  Spanish 
live  there  perma- 
nently. Several 
years  ago,  during  a 
movement  toward 
liberalism,  the 
Methodists  were  in- 
vited to  furnish 
teachers  for  the 
government  schools 
and  take  charge 
of  the  Nation- 
al  Training  In- 
stitute for  teach- 
ers; this  they  did 
until  a wave  of  re- 


PANAMA 


57 


liberalism  and  it  is  hoped  earnestly  that  the  men  and 
means  will  be  available  for  service  in  this  most  needy  and 
inviting  field. 

PANAMA 

COLON — CRISTOBAL  The  chief  English-speaking  church 
in  Colon  is  Christ  Church,  Episcopal,  convenient  to  the  Wash- 
ington Hotel.  While  its  congregation  is  mainly  of  West  Indians, 
'seats  are  reserved  for  others.  After  a period  of  neglect, 
English  Services  are  now  regularly  maintained  as  follows: 
Sundays,  at  7:30  a.m.,  10:30  a.m.,  7:30  p.m.,  and  daily  at 
7:30  a.m. 

The  Cristobal  Protestants  attend  church  at  the  Chapel  near 
the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  building;  the  Union  Church  congregation,  which 
worships  in  this  chapel,  is  composed  of  all  denominations.  The 
pastor  preaches  at  the  church  once  or  twice  a month.  At 
Cristobal  is  a large  club-house  which  is  open  daily,  including 
Sundays,  from  eight  o’clock  in  the  morning  until  eleven  at 
night. 

CAROZAL  Union  Church  Services  in  English  are  held  in 
the  club-house,  which  is  open  daily. 

GATUN  Services  in  English  are  held  in  the  Union  Church 
which  is  opposite  the  large  club-house. 

PANAMA — BALBOA — ANCON  While  many  aspects  of  Prot- 
estantism find  expression  in  this  city, 
the  work,  with  a single  exception,  is 
confined  to  the  large  Negro  population. 
At  St.  PauVs  Church,  Panama,  there 
was  at  one  time  a congregation  com- 
posed of  both  races,  but  it  is  now  used 
exclusively  for  work  among  the  West 
Indians;  the  night  services  are  fre- 
quently attended  by  visitors  who  find 
them  of  peculiar  interest;  seats  in 
the  choir  are  reserved  for  such  visit- 
ors upon  previous  notice  to  the  Chap- 


58 


PANAMA— COLOMBIA 


lain  in  charge  of  the  work.  At  the  Sea  Wall  Methodist  Church 
services  are  held  in  English  for  a mixed  congregation  in  the 
morning  and  an  interesting  work  is  carried  on  for  Spanish- 
speaking people  at  other  times.  St.  Luke^s  Churchy  Ancon,  is 
under  the  Chaplain  of  the  Ancon  Hospital,  who  has  charge  also 
of  St.  Paul’s  Church,  Panama. 

Services  in  English:  The  Union  Churchy  Balboa,  (pastor’s 
residence  is  in  Balboa);  St.  Luke’s  Chapel  (Episcopal),  Ancon, 
every  Sunday  at  10:00  a.m.  and  on  the  second  and  fourth  Sun- 
days at  7:00  a.m.;  Sea  Wall  Church  (Methodist),  every  Sunday 
at  10:00  a.m.  and  7:30  p.m. 

PARAISO  Occasional  services  are  held  by  the  Union  Church 
organization. 

PEDRO  MIGUEL  Union  Church  services  are  held  in  the  club- 
house, which  is  open  daily. 

Club-houses  under  Y.  M.  C.  A.  direction  are  located  at 
Balboa,  Carozal,  Pedro  Miguel,  Culebra,  Empire,  Gatun,  Cris- 
tobal and  Port  Bello. 


COLOMBIA 

The  aborigines  were  the  Arhuacos  Indians  whose  early 
chieftains  were  vassals  of  the  Grand  Montezuma.  They  are 
now  trading  with  foreigners  and  are  becoming  civilized;  being 
naturally  distrustful,  considerate  prudence  and  tact  are  needed 
on  the  part  of  the  missionary  to  win  them,  but,  once  convinced 
of  the  good  intentions  and  helpfulness  of  the  missionary,  they 
become  grateful  friends  and  make  loyal  Christians.  In  1856, 
Protestant  missions  were  begun  in  Colombia — then  called  New 
Granada — by  the  Presbyterian’s,  whose  work  has  gradually  grown 
until  it  occupies  all  of  the  principal  centers  of  population  with 
about  twenty  foreign  and  thirty  native  workers.  An  important 
form  of  work  is  the  educational,  with  fourteen  schools  of  vari- 
ous kinds;  although  class  spirit  is  'strong  in  Colombia,  parents 
appreciate  and  seek  for  their  children  the  obvious  benefits  of 
the  mission  schools,  and  the  pupils  influence  the  homes  in  in- 


COLOMBIA 


59 


numerable  helpful  ways.  Much  good  seed  has  been  planted 
far  and  wide  by  evangelistic  touring  with  its  public  services, 
stereopticon  Bible  pictures,  sale  of  Scriptures,  distributing 
tracts  and  Bible  study  classes;  God’s  word  shall  not  return  unto 
Him  void.  The  monthly  mission  paper  has  a circulation  of 
1,500  copies  throughout  the  country.  The  American  Bible  Society 
maintains  an  active  agency  and  Methodist  colporteurs,  from  a 
Peruvian  base,  frequently  canvass  the  towns  on  the  West  Coast. 
Prejudice  is  breaking  down,  general  enlightenment  is  increas- 
ing and  the  people  are  responding  more  readily  and  completely 
to  the  upward  stimulus  of  Christian  truth. 

B ARRAN QUILL  A Church  services  are  held  in  a hall  in  the 
Girls’  School  on  Sundays  at  8:30  a.m.  and  7:00  p.m.  and  Wed- 
nesdays at  7:00  p.m.,  and  as  a rule  are  in  Spanish.  Cottage 
meetings  are  held  weekly  in  different  parts  of  the  city. 
Institutions:  Colegio  Americano  joara  Senoritas  (Girls’ 
School),  corner  of  Callejon  and  Calle  del  Sello;  Colegio  Ameri- 
cano para  Varones  (Boys’  School),  No.  132  Calle  California 
near  Callejon  Veinte  de  Julio. 

BOGOTA  A Presbyterian  Church,  Templo  Protestante,  is  on 
Calle  Catorce.  In  addition  to  this  Mission,  the  Presbyterians 
maintain  two  schools,  each  in  a separate  building:  Colegio 
Americano  para  Senoritas  (Girls’  School),  Carrera  Novena,  and 
Colegio  Americano  para  Varones  (Boys’  School),  Calle  Veinte. 

CARTAGENA  Work  was  begun  in  that  part  of  Cartagena 
known  as  Cabrero  in  1912,  and  at  present  consists  of  church 
services  and  two  small  schools,  one  for  boys  and  one  for  girls. 
All  of  these  are  carried  on  in  rented  buildings,  the  principal 
one  of  which  has  a signboard  reading  ^‘Mision  Evangelica.” 
From  time  to  time  cottage  meetings  are  held  in  different  parts 
of  the  city  and  also  in  the  neighboring  suburbs. 

BUCARAMANGA,  CERETE  and  MEDELLIN,  at  present 
rather  inaccessible  to  tourists,  are  centers  of  a growing  evan- 
gelistic and  educational  work  by  Presbyterian  missionaries. 


60 


CENTRAL  AMERICA 


CENTRAL  AMERICA 

GUATEMALA  CITY  With  a population  of  100,000,  located 
5,000  feet  up  in  the  mountains,  this  city  is  cool  and  healthful. 
Protestant  work  was  begun  by  the  Presbyterians  and  they 
now  have  a church,  missionary’s  home,  a fine  girls’  school  and 
a hospital.  At  the  other  end  of  the  city  is  the  Central  Ameri- 
can Mission,  undenominational.  The  Seventh  Day  Adventists 


A VILLAGE  STREET 


also  have  a Mission,  their  work  being  principally  educational. 
The  American  Bible  Society  has  the  headquarters  of  the  Cen- 
tral American,  Panama  and  Colombian  Agency  here. 

Services  in  English:  Sunday  morning  at  10:45,  in  the  Pres- 
byterian Church,  Callejon  Manchin,  No.  1,  A,  a few  steps  from 
the  Central  Plaza. 


CENTRAL  AMERICA 


61 


Churches:  Cinco  Calles  Spanish  Mission,  Sunday  School,  1:00 
p.m. ; service  in  Spanish,  2:00  p.m.,  and  a Gospel  service  in 
Spanish  at  7:00  p.m.;  Presbyterian  Church,  Sunday  School  in 
Spanish  at  9:00  a.m.,  before  the  English  service,  also  a Spanish 
service  at  7:00  p.m. 

Institutions:  Presbyterian  Girls'  School,  7 Ave.  Norte,  Pro- 
longacion;  Presbyterian  Hospital,  or  Hospital  Americano,  near 
Girls^  School;  American  Bible  Society,  7 Ave.  Norte  Prolonga- 
cion  No.  12. 

MANAGUA,  NICARAGUA  There  are  two  Spanish  Missions 
in  this  city,  one  connected  with  the  Central  American  Mission 
and  the  other  independent.  The  latter  is  largely  supported  by 
income  from  nursing  and  lace-making. 

SAN  SALVADOR,  EL  SALVADOR  Protestant  work  is  en- 
tirely in  Spanish  and  has  been  established  for  some  years.  Two 
Missions  are  maintained,  one  by  the  Central  American  Mis- 
sion and  the  other  by  the  Northern  Baptist 
Church.  The  American  Bible  Society,  Salvador 
Branch,  is  at  lo  Ave.  Sur,  No.  45.  The  Baptist 
Spanish  Mission  and  Press  is  at  Sonsonate. 

SAN  JOSE,  COSTA  RICA  There  is  a Union 
Church  for  English-speaking  people  two  blocks 
north  of  the  Bishop’s  Palace  and  one  block  east 
of  the  theatre;  Church  of  England  services  are 
held  here  on  Sundays  at  11:00  a.m.  and  7:30 
p.m.  Information  may  be  obtained  from  the 
British  Consul.  An  interesting  Mission  for 
Spanish-speaking  people  is  also  maintained. 
The  American  Bible  Society,  Costa  Rican 
Branch,  P.  0.  address,  Apartado  738,  San  Jose. 


62 


PANAMA  MISSIONARY  CONFERENCE 


In  response  to  obvious  need  and  widespread  desire,  a CON- 
FERENCE ON  CHRISTIAN  WORK  IN  LATIN-AMERICA 
will  be  held  at  PANAMA  IN  FEBRUARY,  1916. 

The  plans  for  this  gathering  are  being  made  by  the  COM- 
MITTEE ON  CO-OPERATION  IN  LATIN-AMERICA,  which 
is  composed  of  members  elected  by  the  various  Missionary 
Agencies  at  work  in  the  West  Indies,  Mexico,  Central  and  South 
America ; twenty- five  American  Boards  are  now  co-operating 
and  the  European  Societies  will  join  in  the  movement.  The 
present  officers  of  the  Committee  are:  Chairman,  Robert  E. 
Speer;  Vice-Chairman,  William  F.  Oldham;  Recording  Secre- 
tary, L.  C.  Barnes;  Executive  Secretary,  S.  G.  Inman. 

The  COMMISSIONS,  whose  reports  will  be  printed  in  time 
for  study  by  the  delegates  prior  to  the  Conference,  are  as  fol- 
lows: Survey  and  Occupation;  Message  and  Method;  Educa- 
tion; Literature;  Women’s  Work;  The  Church  in  the  Field; 
The  Home  Base;  Co-operation. 

SECTIONAL  CONFERENCES  will  follow  in  Peru,  Chili, 
Argentine,  Brazil,  Mexico  and  Cuba. 

The  PERSONNEL  of  these  conferences  will  represent  the 
various  interests  that  are  helping  in  the  moral  and  spiritual 
advance  of  Latin- America ; professional  and  lay  men  and  women 
of  the  Latin,  Anglo-Saxon  and  Teutonic  races,  in  both  public 
and  private  life,  will  gather  in  the  name  of  their  common  Master, 
in  the  bond  of  their  common  brotherhood,  and  in  the  interest 
of  their  common  desire  to  plan  in  peaceful  councils  a more 
extended  and  sustained  attack  upon  the  things  that  oppose  the 
progress  of  individual  and  social  righteousness  in  the  Latin 
lands  of  America. 

May  these  gatherings  for  united  and  sympathetic  study  of 
the  deeper  problems  of  twenty  republics  inaugurate  for  all  those 
seeking  the  true  welfare  of  the  western  hemisphere  an  era  of 
closer  fraternal  feeling,  of  adequate  co-operative  endeavor,  and 
of  large,  permanent  result! 

Communications  may  be  addressed  to  the  Executive  Secre- 
tary, S.  G.  Inman,  156  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City. 


Ancon  

Antofagasta  

Arequipa  

Argentina  

Aguadilla 

Asuncion  

Auspices  

Bahia  

Balboa  

Barranquilla  

Bayamon  

Bogota  

Bolivia  

Brazil  

Buenos  Aires  

Callao  

Cape  Haiti  

Caracas  

Cardenas  

Carozal  

Cartegena  

Central  America  

Cerro  de  Pasco  

Cienfuegos  

Chile  

Christ  of  Andes,  The. 

Cochabamba  

Colombia  

Colon  

Committee  

Concepcion  

Conference,  N.  Y 

Conference,  Panama  . . 

Cristobal  

Criticizing  Missions  . . 

Cuba  

Cuzco  

Ecuador  

El  Cristo  

Financing  Missions  . . 

Gatun  

Guatemala  

Haiti  

Havana  

Indians  

Introductory  

Iquique  


DEX 


Band,  The  

15f 

La  Paz 

53 

La  Plata  

47 

Latin- America  . . 

15f 

Lima  

Managua  

61 

Maracaibo  

37 

Mayaguez  

35 

Matanzas  

29 

Mexico  

17,  25f 

Montevideo  . . . . 

43 

Need,  The  

20f 

Oruro  

53 

Panama  

57f 

Para  

38 

Paraguay  

44 

Parai’so 

58 

Peons  

19 

People,  The  . . . 

18f 

Pedro  Miguel  . . . 

58 

Peru  

54f 

Petropolis  

41 

Pernambuco  . . . 

38 

Port-Au-Prince  . 

32 

Porto  Rico  . . . . 

32f 

Punta  Arenas  . . 

48 

Quotations 

.4,  6,  14,  23 

Rio  de  Janeiro  . 

40 

Rio  Piedras  . . . . 

34 

Rosario  

47 

San  Jose  

61 

San  Juan  

33 

San  Salvador  . . 

61 

Santiago,  Cuba 

31 

Santiago,  Chile 

51 

Santo  Domingo 

32 

Santos  

42 

Sao  Paulo  

42 

Sucre  

53 

Temuco  

48 

Upper  Class  . . . . 

19 

Uruguay  

43 

Valparaiso  

50 

Venezuela  

36 

IN 

57 

52 

55 

44f 

36 

44 

5 

39 

57 

59 

36 

59 

52f 

38f 

45 

55 

32 

36 

29 

57 

59 

60f 

55 

31 

48f 

2,  23 

53 

58 

57 

5 

49 

24 

62 

57 

7f 

28f 

55 

56 

31 

12f 

57 

60 

32 

28 

18 

5 

52 


'''ew  yqB’^ 


Panama 

Conference 


In  February,  1916,  repre- 
sentative leaders  of  Missionary 
Agencies,  Evangelical  Churches 
and  Public  Life  will  hold  at 
Panama  a Conference  on  Chris- 
tian Work  in  Latin  America. 
Sectional  Conferences  in  six  of 
these  lands  will  follow  during 
March  and  April. 

A fuller  statement  may  be 
found  on  page  sixty-two. 


